Chapter 3 in Class Flashcards
List the 5 properties of Ions
- High melting points
- Stable, white, crystalline solids
- Shatter if struck sharply
- Soluble in water
- conduct electricity when dissolved in water
How is an ion formed?
when a neutral atom gains or loses electrons
cation
The loss of one or more electrons from a neutral atom gives a positively charged ion called a cation
(metals)
anion
the gain of one or more electrons by a neutral atom that gives a negatively charged ion called an anion
(nonmetals)
Octet Rule
Main group elements tend to undergo reactions that leave them with eight valence electrons
Ionization energy
the energy required to remove one electron from a single atom in the gaseous state (lowest on left side of periodic table)
Electron Affinity
the energy released on adding an electron to a single atom in the gaseous state (halogens have the largest values and gain electrons most easily)
Polyatomic ion
An ion that is composed of more than one atom (covalent bonds)
The charge comes from the total number of electrons that is different from the total number of protons in the combined atoms
What are type 1 ionic bonds?
Ionic compounds that contains cations of main group elements
What are type 2 ionic bonds?
Ionic compounds that contain metals that can exhibit more than one charge
Acid
A substance that provides (gives) H+ ions in water
Bases
A substance that provides (gives) OH- ions in water