Chapter 3 in Class Flashcards

1
Q

List the 5 properties of Ions

A
  • High melting points
  • Stable, white, crystalline solids
  • Shatter if struck sharply
  • Soluble in water
  • conduct electricity when dissolved in water
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2
Q

How is an ion formed?

A

when a neutral atom gains or loses electrons

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3
Q

cation

A

The loss of one or more electrons from a neutral atom gives a positively charged ion called a cation

(metals)

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4
Q

anion

A

the gain of one or more electrons by a neutral atom that gives a negatively charged ion called an anion

(nonmetals)

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5
Q

Octet Rule

A

Main group elements tend to undergo reactions that leave them with eight valence electrons

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6
Q

Ionization energy

A

the energy required to remove one electron from a single atom in the gaseous state (lowest on left side of periodic table)

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7
Q

Electron Affinity

A

the energy released on adding an electron to a single atom in the gaseous state (halogens have the largest values and gain electrons most easily)

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8
Q

Polyatomic ion

A

An ion that is composed of more than one atom (covalent bonds)
The charge comes from the total number of electrons that is different from the total number of protons in the combined atoms

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9
Q

What are type 1 ionic bonds?

A

Ionic compounds that contains cations of main group elements

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10
Q

What are type 2 ionic bonds?

A

Ionic compounds that contain metals that can exhibit more than one charge

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11
Q

Acid

A

A substance that provides (gives) H+ ions in water

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12
Q

Bases

A

A substance that provides (gives) OH- ions in water

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