Chapter One Flashcards
People are naturally good. Human nature is more positive.
Rogers and Maslow believed that
Humanistic approach
Examination of one’s own conscious mind. Opinion and sensations
Wundt (father of psychology)
Introspection.
Focus of study: structure of the mind. Every experience can be broken down into emotions and senses. What it made you feel
TITCHER
Structuralism
Function of thought process and behavior and feelings and how they help us adapt to the environment.
James
Functionalism
Scientific study of observable behavior. Inflicted by rewards and punishment.
(Pavlov) drooling
Watson: little Albert
Behaviorism
Behavior and personality are shaped by unaware conflicts, drama, and trauma.
Freud
Psychoanalytical
Psychoanalytical
Behavior
Humanistic
This are the three______
Forces of psychology
Exams the mental processes that directs behavior
Cognitive
Uses knowledge about psychology to explain behavior and mental processes. Ex: hormones, hereditary, brain chemicals
Biological
Social and culture influence behavior and mental process
Socialculture
Explains behavior using both interacts of biological and socialcultural.
Biopsychosoical
An approach to explain and predict behavior and events that appear to be psychology, but they have no evidence to support it.
(Astrology)
Pseudo-psychology
The scientific Method
Process scientists use to conduct research
- )Develop a question
- )Develop a hypothesis
- )Design, study, and collect data
- )Analyze the data
- )Publish findings and write results
Steps in the SM
Precise manner in which a variable of interest is defined and measured.
Operational definitions
Mode, mean, charts, graphs, median
Descriptive statistics
A group of people with similar characteristics to those of the pop. Of interest
Representative sample
Describe and explore behavior.
Can’t state cause and effect relationship
Descriptive research
Closely examines an individual or small group
Case study
Examines relationships between variables
Correlations method
If a strong positive or negative relationship occurs, doesn’t mean one variable causes the other
Third Variable
Only research to show true cause and effect between variables
Method that manipulates a variable of interest to uncover a cause and effect relationship
Experimental research
Experimental method
Process of appointing study participants into the experimental or control group. Equal chance for all
Random assignment
Introduced. Variable that is manipulated by the researcher to determine its effect on the other variable
Independent variable
Response that is measured. Results (variable)
Dependent variable
Characteristics of participants or environment that could influence the outcome (time of day, hungry, male/female)
Extraneous variables
Type of extraneous variables that changes with the independent variable
Confounding variable
Experimenter bias
Researcher’s expectations influence the outcome of the study. May act differently
True/false: researchers can lie in experiments
True
Knowledge from the study participates that they understand what the study will be about
Informed consent
Sharing information with the participants after the experiments are over
Debriefing
IRB (institutional review board)
Protects the rights and welfare of al participants
An approach that focuses on the positive aspects on humans. Seeking to understand their strengths and happiness
Positive Psychology
Medical doctor with residency training and psychology training. Most expensive.
Can give meds
Deals with people who have real mental problems
Psychiatrist
Clinical or counseling practice. Can give meds
Research oriented
PhD
Clinical practice
Rarely gives meds
Therapy right away, works with patients
PsyD
Mental Health counselor
Can’t give meds.
Master of Art’s or Science
