chapter one

Question 1

What is the role of the effector in homeostatic regulation

Answer 1

to respond to the output of the control center

Question 2

In descriptions of the superficial anatomy of the human body, the neck is the

Answer 2

cervicis

Question 3

In which quadrant would you find the liver?

Answer 3

right upper

Question 4

Systemic anatomy considers the structure of major __________, whereas surface anatomy refers to the study of __________

Answer 4

organ systems; superficial markings

Question 4

Anatomy is the study of __________, and physiology is the study of _________

Answer 4

structure;function

Question 4

What is the name of the serous membrane that covers the surface of the heart?

Answer 4

visceral pericardium

Question 5

The specialized study that analyzes the structure of individual cells is called _________

Answer 5

cytology

Question 6

The scientist who studies the effects of diseases on organ or system functions is a _________

Answer 6

pathophysiologist

Question 7

The smallest living units in the body are _________

Answer 7

cells

Question 8

The level of organization that reflects the interactions between organ systems is the ________

Answer 8

organism

Question 9

The two regulatory systems in the human body are the _________

Answer 9

nervous and endocrine

Question 10

Homeostasis refers to

Answer 10

the existence of a stable internal environment

Question 11

The mechanism by which a stimulus outside normal limits triggers a response that opposes or negates the stimulus is called __________

Answer 11

negative feedback

Question 12

The mechanism by which the initial stimulus produces a response that exaggerates the stimulus is most specifically called __________

Answer 12

positive feedback

Question 13

When a person is lying face up in anatomical position, the individual is said to be _________

Answer 13

supine

Question 14

Moving along the surface of the skin from the wrist toward the elbow is an example of moving in a __________ direction

Answer 14

proximal

Question 15

What is the relationship between anatomy and physiology?

Answer 15

All specific functions are performed by specific structures

Question 16

Making a sagittal section results in the separation of _

Answer 16

right and left portions of the body

Question 17

A plane that is cut parallel to the midsagittal plane is a _

Answer 17

parasagittal

Question 18

The two subdivisions of the ventral body cavity are the _________

Answer 18

thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

Question 19

The subdivisions of the thoracic body cavity are the ________

Answer 19

pleural and pericardial cavities

Question 20

The heart and the lungs are located in the __________ cavity

Answer 20

thoracic

Question 21

The ventral body cavity is divided by a flat muscular sheet called the _______

Answer 21

diaphragm

Question 22

Which of the following is the term for the study of disease?

Answer 22

pathology

Question 23

What is the term for the homeostatic regulation mechanism in which a cell, tissue, organ, or organ system adjusts its activities without input from the nervous or endocrine system in response to an environmental change?

Answer 23

autoregulation

Question 24

The state in which opposing processes or forces are in balance is called _____

Answer 24

equilibrium

Question 25

Beginning with chemicals and proceeding through increasing levels of complexity, the correct sequence is _________

Answer 25

chemicals, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism

Question 26

Damage at the cellular, tissue, or organ level often affects the entire system. This supports the view that _________

Answer 26

each level is dependent on the others

Question 27

A person in anatomical position is standing erect, feet facing forward and ______

Answer 27

arms hanging to sides, with palms of hands facing forward and with the thumbs to the outside

Question 28

Which of the choices contains the sequence of anatomical directions equivalent to ventral, posterior, superior, inferior?

Answer 28

anterior, dorsal, cephalic, caudal

Question 29

The thoracic cavity is __________ to the abdominopelvic cavity.

Answer 29

superior

Question 30

The skin is __________ to the muscles.

Answer 30

superficial

Question 31

From the organ systems listed below, select the correct sequence of organs found in each of the systems (cardiovascular, digestive, endocrine, urinary, integumentary).

Answer 31

heart, liver, pituitary gland, kidneys, skin

Question 32

In a homeostatic system, the mechanism that is represented by the example of blood clotting is __________

Answer 32

positive feedback

Question 33

The heart is __________ to the arms.

Answer 33

medial

Question 34

If the temperature of the body climbs above 37°C (about 99°F), negative feedback is triggered by _________

Answer 34

increased heat loss through enhanced blood flow to the skin and sweating

Question 35

The term “medial surface” refers to the area ______

Answer 35

close to the long axis of the body (midline)

Question 36

Histology is the study of _________

Answer 36

tissues

Question 37

Which organ system contains bones, ligaments, cartilage, and bone marrow

Answer 37

skeletal

Question 38

Which region of the body is known as the femoral region

Answer 38

thigh

Question 39

In complex organisms such as human beings, cells unite to form

Answer 39

tissues

Question 40

In descriptions of the superficial anatomy of the human body, the arm is the _____

Answer 40

brachium

Question 41

The organ system responsible for internal distribution of oxygen and carbon dioxide is the __________

Answer 41

cardiovascular system

Question 42

The anatomical term for the calf is ________

Answer 42

sura or sural

Question 43

The spinal cord is __________ to the esophagus

Answer 43

posterior

Question 44

Heat production is a major function of the __________ system

Answer 44

muscular

Question 45

The knee is proximal to the ________

Answer 45

foot

Question 46

What is the common name for the antebrachium

Answer 46

forearm

Question 47

In which body cavity are the female reproductive organs located

Answer 47

pelvic

Question 48

The stomach is located in the __________ cavity

Answer 48

abdominal