chapter one Flashcards
What is the role of the effector in homeostatic regulation
to respond to the output of the control center
In descriptions of the superficial anatomy of the human body, the neck is the
cervicis
In which quadrant would you find the liver?
right upper
Systemic anatomy considers the structure of major __________, whereas surface anatomy refers to the study of __________
organ systems; superficial markings
Anatomy is the study of __________, and physiology is the study of _________
structure;function
What is the name of the serous membrane that covers the surface of the heart?
visceral pericardium
The specialized study that analyzes the structure of individual cells is called _________
cytology
The scientist who studies the effects of diseases on organ or system functions is a _________
pathophysiologist
The smallest living units in the body are _________
cells
The level of organization that reflects the interactions between organ systems is the ________
organism
The two regulatory systems in the human body are the _________
nervous and endocrine
Homeostasis refers to
the existence of a stable internal environment
The mechanism by which a stimulus outside normal limits triggers a response that opposes or negates the stimulus is called __________
negative feedback
The mechanism by which the initial stimulus produces a response that exaggerates the stimulus is most specifically called __________
positive feedback
When a person is lying face up in anatomical position, the individual is said to be _________
supine
Moving along the surface of the skin from the wrist toward the elbow is an example of moving in a __________ direction
proximal
What is the relationship between anatomy and physiology?
All specific functions are performed by specific structures
Making a sagittal section results in the separation of _
right and left portions of the body
A plane that is cut parallel to the midsagittal plane is a _
parasagittal
The two subdivisions of the ventral body cavity are the _________
thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
The subdivisions of the thoracic body cavity are the ________
pleural and pericardial cavities
The heart and the lungs are located in the __________ cavity
thoracic
The ventral body cavity is divided by a flat muscular sheet called the _______
diaphragm
Which of the following is the term for the study of disease?
pathology
What is the term for the homeostatic regulation mechanism in which a cell, tissue, organ, or organ system adjusts its activities without input from the nervous or endocrine system in response to an environmental change?
autoregulation
The state in which opposing processes or forces are in balance is called _____
equilibrium
Beginning with chemicals and proceeding through increasing levels of complexity, the correct sequence is _________
chemicals, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism
Damage at the cellular, tissue, or organ level often affects the entire system. This supports the view that _________
each level is dependent on the others
A person in anatomical position is standing erect, feet facing forward and ______
arms hanging to sides, with palms of hands facing forward and with the thumbs to the outside
Which of the choices contains the sequence of anatomical directions equivalent to ventral, posterior, superior, inferior?
anterior, dorsal, cephalic, caudal
The thoracic cavity is __________ to the abdominopelvic cavity.
superior
The skin is __________ to the muscles.
superficial
From the organ systems listed below, select the correct sequence of organs found in each of the systems (cardiovascular, digestive, endocrine, urinary, integumentary).
heart, liver, pituitary gland, kidneys, skin
In a homeostatic system, the mechanism that is represented by the example of blood clotting is __________
positive feedback
The heart is __________ to the arms.
medial
If the temperature of the body climbs above 37°C (about 99°F), negative feedback is triggered by _________
increased heat loss through enhanced blood flow to the skin and sweating
The term “medial surface” refers to the area ______
close to the long axis of the body (midline)
Histology is the study of _________
tissues
Which organ system contains bones, ligaments, cartilage, and bone marrow
skeletal
Which region of the body is known as the femoral region
thigh
In complex organisms such as human beings, cells unite to form
tissues
In descriptions of the superficial anatomy of the human body, the arm is the _____
brachium
The organ system responsible for internal distribution of oxygen and carbon dioxide is the __________
cardiovascular system
The anatomical term for the calf is ________
sura or sural
The spinal cord is __________ to the esophagus
posterior
Heat production is a major function of the __________ system
muscular
The knee is proximal to the ________
foot
What is the common name for the antebrachium
forearm
In which body cavity are the female reproductive organs located
pelvic
The stomach is located in the __________ cavity
abdominal
