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a&p > chapter one > Flashcards

chapter one Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of the effector in homeostatic regulation

A

to respond to the output of the control center

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2
Q

In descriptions of the superficial anatomy of the human body, the neck is the

A

cervicis

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3
Q

In which quadrant would you find the liver?

A

right upper

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4
Q

Systemic anatomy considers the structure of major __________, whereas surface anatomy refers to the study of __________

A

organ systems; superficial markings

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4
Q

Anatomy is the study of __________, and physiology is the study of _________

A

structure;function

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4
Q

What is the name of the serous membrane that covers the surface of the heart?

A

visceral pericardium

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5
Q

The specialized study that analyzes the structure of individual cells is called _________

A

cytology

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6
Q

The scientist who studies the effects of diseases on organ or system functions is a _________

A

pathophysiologist

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7
Q

The smallest living units in the body are _________

A

cells

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8
Q

The level of organization that reflects the interactions between organ systems is the ________

A

organism

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9
Q

The two regulatory systems in the human body are the _________

A

nervous and endocrine

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10
Q

Homeostasis refers to

A

the existence of a stable internal environment

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11
Q

The mechanism by which a stimulus outside normal limits triggers a response that opposes or negates the stimulus is called __________

A

negative feedback

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12
Q

The mechanism by which the initial stimulus produces a response that exaggerates the stimulus is most specifically called __________

A

positive feedback

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13
Q

When a person is lying face up in anatomical position, the individual is said to be _________

A

supine

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14
Q

Moving along the surface of the skin from the wrist toward the elbow is an example of moving in a __________ direction

A

proximal

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15
Q

What is the relationship between anatomy and physiology?

A

All specific functions are performed by specific structures

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16
Q

Making a sagittal section results in the separation of _

A

right and left portions of the body

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17
Q

A plane that is cut parallel to the midsagittal plane is a _

A

parasagittal

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18
Q

The two subdivisions of the ventral body cavity are the _________

A

thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

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19
Q

The subdivisions of the thoracic body cavity are the ________

A

pleural and pericardial cavities

20
Q

The heart and the lungs are located in the __________ cavity

A

thoracic

21
Q

The ventral body cavity is divided by a flat muscular sheet called the _______

A

diaphragm

22
Q

Which of the following is the term for the study of disease?

A

pathology

23
Q

What is the term for the homeostatic regulation mechanism in which a cell, tissue, organ, or organ system adjusts its activities without input from the nervous or endocrine system in response to an environmental change?

A

autoregulation

24
Q

The state in which opposing processes or forces are in balance is called _____

A

equilibrium

25
Q

Beginning with chemicals and proceeding through increasing levels of complexity, the correct sequence is _________

A

chemicals, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism

26
Q

Damage at the cellular, tissue, or organ level often affects the entire system. This supports the view that _________

A

each level is dependent on the others

27
Q

A person in anatomical position is standing erect, feet facing forward and ______

A

arms hanging to sides, with palms of hands facing forward and with the thumbs to the outside

28
Q

Which of the choices contains the sequence of anatomical directions equivalent to ventral, posterior, superior, inferior?

A

anterior, dorsal, cephalic, caudal

29
Q

The thoracic cavity is __________ to the abdominopelvic cavity.

A

superior

30
Q

The skin is __________ to the muscles.

A

superficial

31
Q

From the organ systems listed below, select the correct sequence of organs found in each of the systems (cardiovascular, digestive, endocrine, urinary, integumentary).

A

heart, liver, pituitary gland, kidneys, skin

32
Q

In a homeostatic system, the mechanism that is represented by the example of blood clotting is __________

A

positive feedback

33
Q

The heart is __________ to the arms.

A

medial

34
Q

If the temperature of the body climbs above 37°C (about 99°F), negative feedback is triggered by _________

A

increased heat loss through enhanced blood flow to the skin and sweating

35
Q

The term “medial surface” refers to the area ______

A

close to the long axis of the body (midline)

36
Q

Histology is the study of _________

A

tissues

37
Q

Which organ system contains bones, ligaments, cartilage, and bone marrow

A

skeletal

38
Q

Which region of the body is known as the femoral region

A

thigh

39
Q

In complex organisms such as human beings, cells unite to form

A

tissues

40
Q

In descriptions of the superficial anatomy of the human body, the arm is the _____

A

brachium

41
Q

The organ system responsible for internal distribution of oxygen and carbon dioxide is the __________

A

cardiovascular system

42
Q

The anatomical term for the calf is ________

A

sura or sural

43
Q

The spinal cord is __________ to the esophagus

A

posterior

44
Q

Heat production is a major function of the __________ system

A

muscular

45
Q

The knee is proximal to the ________

A

foot

46
Q

What is the common name for the antebrachium

A

forearm

47
Q

In which body cavity are the female reproductive organs located

A

pelvic

48
Q

The stomach is located in the __________ cavity

A

abdominal

a&p (11 decks)

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