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chapter four tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four primary tissue types found in the human body?

A

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

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2
Q

Which type of tissue covers exposed surfaces and lines internal passageways and body cavities?

A

epithelial

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3
Q

Which type of epithelial tissue lines the urinary bladder?

A

transitional

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4
Q

Which of the following is the most delicate epithelium, which allows for absorption and diffusion and reduces friction

A

simple squamous epithelium

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5
Q

Cuboidal epithelial cells __________

A

are box-shaped, and the nuclei are near the center of each cell

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6
Q

Glandular epithelia contain cells that produce __________

A

endocrine or exocrine

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7
Q

What are the three basic components of all connective tissues?

A

specialized cells, extracellular protein fibers, and ground substance

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8
Q

Most of the volume in areolar connective tissue is made up of __________

A

ground substance

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9
Q

Tendons are cords of dense regular connective tissue that _________

A

attach skeletal muscles to bones

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10
Q

Ligaments are bundles of elastic and collagen fibers that _________

A

connect one bone to another bone

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11
Q

What are the three major subdivisions of the extracellular fluid in the body?

A

plasma, interstitial fluid, lymph

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12
Q

Which type of tissue fills internal spaces and provides structural support and a framework for communication within the body?

A

connective tissue

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13
Q

The mucous membranes that are lined by simple epithelia perform the functions of ________

A

absorption and secretion

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14
Q

The restoration of homeostasis after an injury involves which two related processes?

A

inflammation and regeneration

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15
Q

What are the three major types of cartilage found in the body?

A

hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, and fibrocartilage

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16
Q

The flap (pinna) of the outer ear is extremely resilient and flexible because it contains _________

A

elastic cartilage

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17
Q

Bone cells found in the lacunae within the matrix are called _______

A

osteocytes

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18
Q

Muscle tissue has the ability to ________

A

contract and produce movement

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19
Q

What are the three types of muscle tissue found in the body?

A

skeletal, muscle, smooth

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20
Q

Skeletal muscle fibers are very unusual because they may be _________

A

a foot or more in length, and each cell contains hundreds of nuclei

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21
Q

Neural tissue is specialized to _________

A

carry electrical impulses/send signals

22
Q

What is the major function of neurons in neural tissue?

A

to transmit signals that take the form of changes in the transmembrane potential

23
Q

Which of the following is NOT associated with neural tissue

A

lacunae

24
Q

The release of histamine by mast cells at an injury site produces which of the following responses?

A

redness, warmth, and swelling

25
Q

Which of the following is NOT associated with bone?

A

chondrocyte

26
Q

If epithelial cells are classified according to their cell shape, the classes include __________

A

squamous, cuboidal, columnar

27
Q

If epithelial cells are classified according to their function, the classes include cells involved with ________

A

lining, covering, secreting

28
Q

What distinguishes epithelial tissues from the other tissue types?

A

They always have a free surface exposed to the environment or to some internal chamber or passageway.

They do not contain blood vessels.

They have few extracellular materials between adjacent epithelial cells.

29
Q

Why are certain epithelial cells called pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

A

They have a layered appearance, although all the cells contact the basal lamina

30
Q

What are three modes of secretion used by glandular epithelial cells?

A

merocrine, apocrine, and holocrine secretions

31
Q

Milk production in the breasts occurs through _________

A

apocrine secretion

32
Q

How does holocrine secretion differ from other methods of secretion

A

the product is released, but the cell is destroyed

33
Q

How does holocrine secretion differ from other methods of secretion

A

pancreas and sweat

34
Q

What are the two fluid connective tissues found in the human body?

A

blood and lymph

35
Q

Supporting connective tissues found in the body are _________

A

cartilage and bone

36
Q

Which fiber type forms a stroma that stabilizes cells of certain organs

A

reticular fiber

37
Q

During a weight-loss program, when nutrients are scarce, adipocytes _______

A

deflate

38
Q

Hyaline cartilage _________

A

connects the ribs to the sternum

39
Q

In regard to its structural and functional properties, skeletal muscle tissue can be considered _________

A

striated voluntary muscle

40
Q

Mucous membranes have a major identifying characteristic. What is it

A

they line cavities that communicate with the exterior

41
Q

Mucous membranes would be found primarily in which of the following systems

A

digestive, respiratory, reproductive, and urinary

42
Q

The pleura, peritoneum, and pericardium are examples of ________

A

serous membranes

43
Q

What is the primary function of a serous membrane?

A

reducing friction between the parietal and visceral surfaces

44
Q

In contrast to serous or mucous membranes, the cutaneous membrane is _______

A

thick, relatively waterproof, and usually dry

45
Q

What are two factors that distinguish synovial epithelium from other types of epithelia

A

There is no basal lamina, and small spaces exist between adjacent cells.

46
Q

Which type of loose connective tissue is the LEAST specialized

A

areolar tissue

47
Q

The capsules that surround most organs, such as the kidneys and the organs in the thoracic and peritoneal cavities, are components of the ________

A

deep fascia

48
Q

Which of the following is an example of dense irregular connective tissue

A

capsule

49
Q

The permanent replacement of normal tissue by fibrous tissue is called __________

A

fibrosis

50
Q

Which of the following is the best definition of “inflammation”?

A

a defense that involves the coordinated activities of several tissues

a&p (11 decks)

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