chapter four tissues

Question 1

What are the four primary tissue types found in the human body?

Answer 1

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

Question 2

Which type of tissue covers exposed surfaces and lines internal passageways and body cavities?

Answer 2

epithelial

Question 3

Which type of epithelial tissue lines the urinary bladder?

Answer 3

transitional

Question 4

Which of the following is the most delicate epithelium, which allows for absorption and diffusion and reduces friction

Answer 4

simple squamous epithelium

Question 5

Cuboidal epithelial cells __________

Answer 5

are box-shaped, and the nuclei are near the center of each cell

Question 6

Glandular epithelia contain cells that produce __________

Answer 6

endocrine or exocrine

Question 7

What are the three basic components of all connective tissues?

Answer 7

specialized cells, extracellular protein fibers, and ground substance

Question 8

Most of the volume in areolar connective tissue is made up of __________

Answer 8

ground substance

Question 9

Tendons are cords of dense regular connective tissue that _________

Answer 9

attach skeletal muscles to bones

Question 10

Ligaments are bundles of elastic and collagen fibers that _________

Answer 10

connect one bone to another bone

Question 11

What are the three major subdivisions of the extracellular fluid in the body?

Answer 11

plasma, interstitial fluid, lymph

Question 12

Which type of tissue fills internal spaces and provides structural support and a framework for communication within the body?

Answer 12

connective tissue

Question 13

The mucous membranes that are lined by simple epithelia perform the functions of ________

Answer 13

absorption and secretion

Question 14

The restoration of homeostasis after an injury involves which two related processes?

Answer 14

inflammation and regeneration

Question 15

What are the three major types of cartilage found in the body?

Answer 15

hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, and fibrocartilage

Question 16

The flap (pinna) of the outer ear is extremely resilient and flexible because it contains _________

Answer 16

elastic cartilage

Question 17

Bone cells found in the lacunae within the matrix are called _______

Answer 17

osteocytes

Question 18

Muscle tissue has the ability to ________

Answer 18

contract and produce movement

Question 19

What are the three types of muscle tissue found in the body?

Answer 19

skeletal, muscle, smooth

Question 20

Skeletal muscle fibers are very unusual because they may be _________

Answer 20

a foot or more in length, and each cell contains hundreds of nuclei

Question 21

Neural tissue is specialized to _________

Answer 21

carry electrical impulses/send signals

Question 22

What is the major function of neurons in neural tissue?

Answer 22

to transmit signals that take the form of changes in the transmembrane potential

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT associated with neural tissue

Answer 23

lacunae

Question 24

The release of histamine by mast cells at an injury site produces which of the following responses?

Answer 24

redness, warmth, and swelling

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT associated with bone?

Answer 25

chondrocyte

Question 26

If epithelial cells are classified according to their cell shape, the classes include __________

Answer 26

squamous, cuboidal, columnar

Question 27

If epithelial cells are classified according to their function, the classes include cells involved with ________

Answer 27

lining, covering, secreting

Question 28

What distinguishes epithelial tissues from the other tissue types?

Answer 28

They always have a free surface exposed to the environment or to some internal chamber or passageway. They do not contain blood vessels. They have few extracellular materials between adjacent epithelial cells.

Question 29

Why are certain epithelial cells called pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

Answer 29

They have a layered appearance, although all the cells contact the basal lamina

Question 30

What are three modes of secretion used by glandular epithelial cells?

Answer 30

merocrine, apocrine, and holocrine secretions

Question 31

Milk production in the breasts occurs through _________

Answer 31

apocrine secretion

Question 32

How does holocrine secretion differ from other methods of secretion

Answer 32

the product is released, but the cell is destroyed

Question 33

How does holocrine secretion differ from other methods of secretion

Answer 33

pancreas and sweat

Question 34

What are the two fluid connective tissues found in the human body?

Answer 34

blood and lymph

Question 35

Supporting connective tissues found in the body are _________

Answer 35

cartilage and bone

Question 36

Which fiber type forms a stroma that stabilizes cells of certain organs

Answer 36

reticular fiber

Question 37

During a weight-loss program, when nutrients are scarce, adipocytes _______

Answer 37

deflate

Question 38

Hyaline cartilage _________

Answer 38

connects the ribs to the sternum

Question 39

In regard to its structural and functional properties, skeletal muscle tissue can be considered _________

Answer 39

striated voluntary muscle

Question 40

Mucous membranes have a major identifying characteristic. What is it

Answer 40

they line cavities that communicate with the exterior

Question 41

Mucous membranes would be found primarily in which of the following systems

Answer 41

digestive, respiratory, reproductive, and urinary

Question 42

The pleura, peritoneum, and pericardium are examples of ________

Answer 42

serous membranes

Question 43

What is the primary function of a serous membrane?

Answer 43

reducing friction between the parietal and visceral surfaces

Question 44

In contrast to serous or mucous membranes, the cutaneous membrane is _______

Answer 44

thick, relatively waterproof, and usually dry

Question 45

What are two factors that distinguish synovial epithelium from other types of epithelia

Answer 45

There is no basal lamina, and small spaces exist between adjacent cells.

Question 46

Which type of loose connective tissue is the LEAST specialized

Answer 46

areolar tissue

Question 47

The capsules that surround most organs, such as the kidneys and the organs in the thoracic and peritoneal cavities, are components of the ________

Answer 47

deep fascia

Question 48

Which of the following is an example of dense irregular connective tissue

Answer 48

capsule

Question 49

The permanent replacement of normal tissue by fibrous tissue is called __________

Answer 49

fibrosis

Question 50

Which of the following is the best definition of “inflammation”?

Answer 50

a defense that involves the coordinated activities of several tissues