chapter four tissues Flashcards
What are the four primary tissue types found in the human body?
epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
Which type of tissue covers exposed surfaces and lines internal passageways and body cavities?
epithelial
Which type of epithelial tissue lines the urinary bladder?
transitional
Which of the following is the most delicate epithelium, which allows for absorption and diffusion and reduces friction
simple squamous epithelium
Cuboidal epithelial cells __________
are box-shaped, and the nuclei are near the center of each cell
Glandular epithelia contain cells that produce __________
endocrine or exocrine
What are the three basic components of all connective tissues?
specialized cells, extracellular protein fibers, and ground substance
Most of the volume in areolar connective tissue is made up of __________
ground substance
Tendons are cords of dense regular connective tissue that _________
attach skeletal muscles to bones
Ligaments are bundles of elastic and collagen fibers that _________
connect one bone to another bone
What are the three major subdivisions of the extracellular fluid in the body?
plasma, interstitial fluid, lymph
Which type of tissue fills internal spaces and provides structural support and a framework for communication within the body?
connective tissue
The mucous membranes that are lined by simple epithelia perform the functions of ________
absorption and secretion
The restoration of homeostasis after an injury involves which two related processes?
inflammation and regeneration
What are the three major types of cartilage found in the body?
hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, and fibrocartilage
The flap (pinna) of the outer ear is extremely resilient and flexible because it contains _________
elastic cartilage
Bone cells found in the lacunae within the matrix are called _______
osteocytes
Muscle tissue has the ability to ________
contract and produce movement
What are the three types of muscle tissue found in the body?
skeletal, muscle, smooth
Skeletal muscle fibers are very unusual because they may be _________
a foot or more in length, and each cell contains hundreds of nuclei
Neural tissue is specialized to _________
carry electrical impulses/send signals
What is the major function of neurons in neural tissue?
to transmit signals that take the form of changes in the transmembrane potential
Which of the following is NOT associated with neural tissue
lacunae
The release of histamine by mast cells at an injury site produces which of the following responses?
redness, warmth, and swelling
Which of the following is NOT associated with bone?
chondrocyte
If epithelial cells are classified according to their cell shape, the classes include __________
squamous, cuboidal, columnar
If epithelial cells are classified according to their function, the classes include cells involved with ________
lining, covering, secreting
What distinguishes epithelial tissues from the other tissue types?
They always have a free surface exposed to the environment or to some internal chamber or passageway.
They do not contain blood vessels.
They have few extracellular materials between adjacent epithelial cells.
Why are certain epithelial cells called pseudostratified columnar epithelium?
They have a layered appearance, although all the cells contact the basal lamina
What are three modes of secretion used by glandular epithelial cells?
merocrine, apocrine, and holocrine secretions
Milk production in the breasts occurs through _________
apocrine secretion
How does holocrine secretion differ from other methods of secretion
the product is released, but the cell is destroyed
How does holocrine secretion differ from other methods of secretion
pancreas and sweat
What are the two fluid connective tissues found in the human body?
blood and lymph
Supporting connective tissues found in the body are _________
cartilage and bone
Which fiber type forms a stroma that stabilizes cells of certain organs
reticular fiber
During a weight-loss program, when nutrients are scarce, adipocytes _______
deflate
Hyaline cartilage _________
connects the ribs to the sternum
In regard to its structural and functional properties, skeletal muscle tissue can be considered _________
striated voluntary muscle
Mucous membranes have a major identifying characteristic. What is it
they line cavities that communicate with the exterior
Mucous membranes would be found primarily in which of the following systems
digestive, respiratory, reproductive, and urinary
The pleura, peritoneum, and pericardium are examples of ________
serous membranes
What is the primary function of a serous membrane?
reducing friction between the parietal and visceral surfaces
In contrast to serous or mucous membranes, the cutaneous membrane is _______
thick, relatively waterproof, and usually dry
What are two factors that distinguish synovial epithelium from other types of epithelia
There is no basal lamina, and small spaces exist between adjacent cells.
Which type of loose connective tissue is the LEAST specialized
areolar tissue
The capsules that surround most organs, such as the kidneys and the organs in the thoracic and peritoneal cavities, are components of the ________
deep fascia
Which of the following is an example of dense irregular connective tissue
capsule
The permanent replacement of normal tissue by fibrous tissue is called __________
fibrosis
Which of the following is the best definition of “inflammation”?
a defense that involves the coordinated activities of several tissues
