Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

a&p > chapter 16 ans > Flashcards

chapter 16 ans Flashcards

1
Q

The autonomic nervous system performs which of the following functions?

A

controlling respiratory functions during times of rest as well as times of activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The lower motor neurons of the somatic nervous system exert direct control over skeletal muscles. By contrast, in the autonomic nervous system there is _________

A

a synapse interposed between the central nervous system and the peripheral effector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

mobilization of energy reserves through the accelerated breakdown of glycogen in muscle and liver cells and the release of lipids by adipose tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which system coordinates cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive functions?

A

ANS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which division of the nervous system “kicks in” during periods of exertion, stress, or emergency?

A

sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The nerve bundle that carries preganglionic fibers to a nearby sympathetic chain ganglion is the __________

A

white ramus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Important functions of the postganglionic fibers that enter the thoracic cavity in autonomic nerves include which of the following?

A

accelerating the heart rate

dilating the respiratory passageways

increasing the force of cardiac contractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The effect of modified neurons in the sympathetic division that secrete neurotransmitters is that they _________

A

last longer than those produced by direct sympathetic stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which of the following is unique to the sympathetic nervous system?

A

chain ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which of the following is unique to the sympathetic nervous system?

A

norepinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When specific neurotransmitters are released by postganglionic fibers, stimulation or inhibition of activity depends on ________

A

the response of the membrane receptor to the presence of the neurotransmitter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cholinergic postganglionic sympathetic fibers that innervate the sweat glands of the skin and the blood vessels of the skeletal muscles are stimulated during exercise to _______

A

keep the body cool and provide oxygen and nutrients to active skeletal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Postsynaptic cells of the sympathetic nervous system synapse with the cells they innervate through structures called __________

A

varicosities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In the parasympathetic division, second-order neurons originate in _______

A

intramural ganglia or ganglia associated with the target organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The neurotransmitter released by all parasympathetic neurons is _______

A

acetylcholine (ACh)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The two types of parasympathetic receptors that occur on the postsynaptic membranes are __________

A

nicotinic and muscarinic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pelvic nerves carry which of the following types of connections?

A

parasympathetic neurons innervating the urinary bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The major effects produced by the parasympathetic division include which of the following?

A

constriction of the respiratory passageway

increased smooth muscle activity along the digestive tract

secretion by digestive glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) innervates only visceral structures serviced by the cranial nerves or nerves lying within the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

parasympathetic division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where dual innervation exists, the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) commonly have ________

A

opposing effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Why is autonomic tone important to autonomic motor neurons?

A

It allows for an increase or decrease of activity, providing a greater range of control.

22
Q

The LOWEST level of integration in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) consists of ________

A

regulatory systems in the brain stem that control the viscera

23
Q

Both coordination and regulation of sympathetic function generally occur in centers in the _________

A

medulla and spinal cord

24
Q

In the autonomic nervous system (ANS), simple reflexes that provide relatively rapid automatic response to stimuli are based in the ________

A

spinal cord

25
Q

The processing center of a visceral reflex is the ________

A

interneuron

26
Q

Which of the following statements about long reflexes is FALSE?

A

they bypass the CNS

27
Q

Visceral reflexes provide ________

A

automatic motor responses

28
Q

The cellular mechanisms that seem to be involved in memory formation and storage include which of the following?

A

increased neurotransmitter release

formation of additional synaptic connections

facilitation of synapses

29
Q

Which two components of the limbic system are essential to memory consolidation?

A

The amygdaloid body and the hippocampus

30
Q

A state of awareness of and attention to external events and stimuli implies ________

A

consciousness

31
Q

Increasing stimulation to the reticular activating system (RAS) makes an individual _______

A

more alert to sensory information

32
Q

Schizophrenia may be caused by an excessive production of which neurotransmitter?

A

dopamine

33
Q

Disturbance of which of the following neurotransmitters produces motor problems, such as those found in Parkinson’s disease?

A

dopamine

34
Q

Which of the following is a common age-related anatomical change in the nervous system?

A

decreased blood flow to the brain

a decreased number of neurons

decreased brain size and weight

35
Q

One of the problems associated with aging and the nervous systems is the development of plaques in the central nervous system (CNS). Which of the following accurately describes plaques?

A

an accumulation of extracellular fibrillar proteins and abnormal dendrites and axons

36
Q

Why is the axon of a ganglionic neuron called a postganglionic fiber?

A

It carries impulses away from the ganglion

37
Q

The effects produced by sympathetic postganglionic fibers in spinal nerves include which of the following?

A

dilation of the pupils and focusing of the eyes

acceleration of blood flow to skeletal muscles

stimulation of secretion by sweat glands

38
Q

The summary effects of the collateral ganglia include which of the following?

A

redirection of blood flow and energy use by visceral organs and release of stored energy

39
Q

Stimulation of alpha-1 receptors on a target cell triggers a _________

A

depolarization that has an exciatory effect

40
Q

What is the major structural difference between sympathetic preganglionic and ganglionic fibers?

A

Preganglionic fibers are short, and postganglionic fibers are long.

41
Q

Which of the following adrenergic receptors produce(s) stimulatory effects, including stimulation of metabolism and energy consumption?

A

alpha one and beta one

42
Q

The effects of parasympathetic stimulation are usually _________

A

brief in duration and restricted to specific organs and sites

43
Q

How does a medication that blocks beta receptors help a patient with high blood pressure?

A

Beta-1 receptors in the heart do not stimulate an increase in the force and rate of heart contractions

44
Q

During a crisis, the event necessary for the individual to cope with stressful and potentially dangerous situations is called _________

A

sympathetic activation

45
Q

The two classes of sympathetic receptors include ________

A

alpha and beta receptors

46
Q

Intramural ganglia are components of the parasympathetic division that are located __________

A

inside the tissues of visceral organs

47
Q

Parasympathetic preganglionic fibers of the vagus nerve entering the abdominopelvic cavity join the ________

A

celiac plexus

48
Q

Sensory nerves deliver information to the central nervous system (CNS) along the _________

A

spinal nerves, cranial nerves, and autonomic nerves that innervate peripheral effectors

49
Q

Which of the following choices lists only sympathetic reflexes?

A

cardioacceleratory, vasomotor, pupillary, and ejaculation reflexes

50
Q

While Michael is sleeping, his eye muscles are moving, but all other skeletal muscles are at rest. Which of the following statements about Michael is true?

A

His reticular activating system (RAS) has not been stimulated sufficiently to arouse the cerebral cortex.

He is in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.

He is likely dreaming.

a&p (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions