chapter 14 brain and cranial nerves

Question 1

What major region of the brain is responsible for conscious thought processes, sensations, intellectual functions, memory, and complex motor patterns?

Answer 1

the cerebrum

Question 2

The cerebrum of the adult brain ultimately forms from the ________

Answer 2

telencephalon

Question 3

The slender canal that connects the third ventricle with the fourth ventricle is the ________

Answer 3

aqueduct of the midbrain

Question 4

Which of the following provides mechanical protection for the brain by cradling the brain?

Answer 4

the bones of the skull

Question 5

Which of the following structures do(es) NOT provide protection and shock absorption for the brain?

Answer 5

the carotid arteries and jugular vein

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the choroid plexus is correct?

Answer 6

It can be found in the third ventricle, lateral ventricles, and fourth ventricle.

Its product, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), has a composition distinctly different from that of blood.

It consists of specialized ependymal cells that produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 7

Monitoring of the composition of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and removal of waste products from the CSF occur in the _________

Answer 7

choroid plexus

Question 8

Why might damage to the pons be sufficient to cause death?

Answer 8

the pons contains the apneustic and pneumotaxic centers

Question 9

The cardiovascular centers and the respiratory rhythmicity centers are located in the _______

Answer 9

medulla oblongata

Question 10

In the medulla oblongata, the relay stations along sensory or motor pathways consist of the __________

Answer 10

nucleus gracilis and nucleus cuneatus

Question 11

The pons links the cerebellum with the _________

Answer 11

brain stem, cerebrum, and spinal cord

Question 12

Excess cerebrospinal fluid is returned to the venous circulation by ________

Answer 12

diffusion across the arachnoid villi

Question 13

Coordination and refinement of learned movement patterns at the subconscious level are performed by the _________

Answer 13

cerebellum

Question 14

The corpora quadrigemina of the mesencephalon are responsible for processing ________

Answer 14

visual and auditory sensations

Question 15

The epithalamus, thalamus, and hypothalamus are anatomical structures of the ________

Answer 15

diencephalon

Question 16

Relay and processing centers for sensory information are found in the ________

Answer 16

thalamus

Question 17

The sea horse–like structure in the limbic system responsible for storage and retrieval of new long-term memories is the _____

Answer 17

hippocampus

Question 18

The functions of the limbic system serve to identify its role as a ________

Answer 18

motivational system

Question 19

Assume that as you are taking this practice exam, you are concentrating and giving it your full attention. If you were connected to an EEG at this moment, what type of brain waves would it record?

Answer 19

beta waves

Question 20

The masses of gray matter that lie within each cerebral hemisphere deep to the floor of the lateral ventricle are the ________

Answer 20

basal nuclei

Question 21

The neurons in the primary sensory cortex receive somatic sensory information from _________

Answer 21

touch, temperature, pressure, pain, and taste receptors

Question 22

The somatic motor association area is responsible for the _________

Answer 22

coordination of learned motor responses

Question 23

Which of the following facial nerves do(es) NOT supply the tongue?

Answer 23

vagus nerve

Question 24

Pyramidal cells are cortical neurons that ________

Answer 24

direct voluntary movements

Question 25

A loud noise produces a tympanic reflex that results in __________

Answer 25

reduced movement of auditory ossicles

Question 26

The versatility of the brain to respond to stimuli is greater than that of the spinal cord because of _________

Answer 26

the number of neurons and complex interconnections between the neurons

Question 27

The mesencephalon, or midbrain, processes _______

Answer 27

visual and auditory information and generates involuntary motor responses

Question 28

An individual with a damaged visual association area ________

Answer 28

An individual with a damaged visual association area ________

Question 29

The three major groups of axons that comprise the central white matter are __________

Answer 29

association, commissural, and projection fibers

Question 30

Which of the following statements about the basal nuclei is FALSE?

Answer 30

They initiate skeletal movements, such as walking and stopping.

Question 31

David hears a strange noise at his back door late one night. It sounds as though someone is trying to break into his home. He automatically goes into a fight-or-flight response. What part of the limbic system helps control the flight-or-flight response?

Answer 31

amygdaloid body

Question 32

The mamillary bodies in the floor of the hypothalamus contain motor nuclei that control the reflex movements involved with _________

Answer 32

chewing licking and swallowing

Question 33

Hypothalamic or thalamic stimulation that depresses reticular formation activity in the brain stem results in _________

Answer 33

generalized lethargy or actual sleep

Question 34

The pineal gland, an endocrine structure that secretes the hormone melatonin, is found in the _________

Answer 34

epithalamus

Question 35

The pulvinar nuclei of the thalamus integrate _______

Answer 35

sensory information for projection to the association areas of the cerebral cortex

Question 36

The part(s) of the diencephalon responsible for coordination of activities of the central nervous system and the endocrine system is (are) the ________

Answer 36

hypothalamus

Question 37

The hypothalamus produces and secretes the hormones _________

Answer 37

ADH and oxytocin

Question 38

The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus _______

Answer 38

secretes oxytocin

Question 39

The nerve fiber bundles on the ventrolateral surfaces of the mesencephalon are the ______

Answer 39

cerebral punducles

Question 40

The effortless serve of a tennis player is a result of establishing _________

Answer 40

cerebellar motor patterns

Question 41

Which of the following statements about a subdural hemorrhage is true?

Answer 41

A break in a vein may cause blood to flow to the meningeal layer of the dura mater and down to the arachnoid layer.

Question 42

The centers in the pons that modify the activity of the respiratory rhythmicity center in the medulla oblongata are the ________

Answer 42

apneustic and pneumotaxic centers

Question 43

A buildup of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the cranial cavity can lead to _______

Answer 43

compression of brain tissue and impairment of neural function enlargement of the cranium in infants “water on the brain,” or hydrocephaly

Question 44

Fresh blood, with oxygen and nutrients, reaches the brain through the ________

Answer 44

internal carotid and vertebral arteries

Question 45

Neural tissue in the central nervous system (CNS) is isolated from the general circulation by the _________

Answer 45

blood brain barrier

Question 46

The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) reaches the subarachnoid space via _________

Answer 46

three holes in the fourth ventricle

Question 47

The blood–brain barrier remains intact throughout the CNS, EXCEPT in ______

Answer 47

portions of the hypothalamus and choroid plexus

Question 48

The central white matter of the cerebrum is found ________

Answer 48

beneath the neural cortex and around the cerebral nuclei

Question 49

Visual information has been processed in Jennifer’s right visual association area, and impulses are then sent to her right prefrontal cortex to be used in decision making. Which type of white fiber carries the information to her prefrontal cortex?

Answer 49

longitudinal fasciculi

Question 50

What is the effect on the right eye when a bright light is shown into the left eye?

Answer 50

the consensual light reflex will occur