chapter 14 brain and cranial nerves Flashcards
What major region of the brain is responsible for conscious thought processes, sensations, intellectual functions, memory, and complex motor patterns?
the cerebrum
The cerebrum of the adult brain ultimately forms from the ________
telencephalon
The slender canal that connects the third ventricle with the fourth ventricle is the ________
aqueduct of the midbrain
Which of the following provides mechanical protection for the brain by cradling the brain?
the bones of the skull
Which of the following structures do(es) NOT provide protection and shock absorption for the brain?
the carotid arteries and jugular vein
Which of the following statements about the choroid plexus is correct?
It can be found in the third ventricle, lateral ventricles, and fourth ventricle.
Its product, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), has a composition distinctly different from that of blood.
It consists of specialized ependymal cells that produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Monitoring of the composition of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and removal of waste products from the CSF occur in the _________
choroid plexus
Why might damage to the pons be sufficient to cause death?
the pons contains the apneustic and pneumotaxic centers
The cardiovascular centers and the respiratory rhythmicity centers are located in the _______
medulla oblongata
In the medulla oblongata, the relay stations along sensory or motor pathways consist of the __________
nucleus gracilis and nucleus cuneatus
The pons links the cerebellum with the _________
brain stem, cerebrum, and spinal cord
Excess cerebrospinal fluid is returned to the venous circulation by ________
diffusion across the arachnoid villi
Coordination and refinement of learned movement patterns at the subconscious level are performed by the _________
cerebellum
The corpora quadrigemina of the mesencephalon are responsible for processing ________
visual and auditory sensations
The epithalamus, thalamus, and hypothalamus are anatomical structures of the ________
diencephalon
Relay and processing centers for sensory information are found in the ________
thalamus
The sea horse–like structure in the limbic system responsible for storage and retrieval of new long-term memories is the _____
hippocampus
The functions of the limbic system serve to identify its role as a ________
motivational system
Assume that as you are taking this practice exam, you are concentrating and giving it your full attention. If you were connected to an EEG at this moment, what type of brain waves would it record?
beta waves
The masses of gray matter that lie within each cerebral hemisphere deep to the floor of the lateral ventricle are the ________
basal nuclei
The neurons in the primary sensory cortex receive somatic sensory information from _________
touch, temperature, pressure, pain, and taste receptors
The somatic motor association area is responsible for the _________
coordination of learned motor responses
Which of the following facial nerves do(es) NOT supply the tongue?
vagus nerve
Pyramidal cells are cortical neurons that ________
direct voluntary movements
A loud noise produces a tympanic reflex that results in __________
reduced movement of auditory ossicles
The versatility of the brain to respond to stimuli is greater than that of the spinal cord because of _________
the number of neurons and complex interconnections between the neurons
The mesencephalon, or midbrain, processes _______
visual and auditory information and generates involuntary motor responses
An individual with a damaged visual association area ________
An individual with a damaged visual association area ________
The three major groups of axons that comprise the central white matter are __________
association, commissural, and projection fibers
Which of the following statements about the basal nuclei is FALSE?
They initiate skeletal movements, such as walking and stopping.
David hears a strange noise at his back door late one night. It sounds as though someone is trying to break into his home. He automatically goes into a fight-or-flight response. What part of the limbic system helps control the flight-or-flight response?
amygdaloid body
The mamillary bodies in the floor of the hypothalamus contain motor nuclei that control the reflex movements involved with _________
chewing licking and swallowing
Hypothalamic or thalamic stimulation that depresses reticular formation activity in the brain stem results in _________
generalized lethargy or actual sleep
The pineal gland, an endocrine structure that secretes the hormone melatonin, is found in the _________
epithalamus
The pulvinar nuclei of the thalamus integrate _______
sensory information for projection to the association areas of the cerebral cortex
The part(s) of the diencephalon responsible for coordination of activities of the central nervous system and the endocrine system is (are) the ________
hypothalamus
The hypothalamus produces and secretes the hormones _________
ADH and oxytocin
The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus _______
secretes oxytocin
The nerve fiber bundles on the ventrolateral surfaces of the mesencephalon are the ______
cerebral punducles
The effortless serve of a tennis player is a result of establishing _________
cerebellar motor patterns
Which of the following statements about a subdural hemorrhage is true?
A break in a vein may cause blood to flow to the meningeal layer of the dura mater and down to the arachnoid layer.
The centers in the pons that modify the activity of the respiratory rhythmicity center in the medulla oblongata are the ________
apneustic and pneumotaxic centers
A buildup of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the cranial cavity can lead to _______
compression of brain tissue and impairment of neural function
enlargement of the cranium in infants
“water on the brain,” or hydrocephaly
Fresh blood, with oxygen and nutrients, reaches the brain through the ________
internal carotid and vertebral arteries
Neural tissue in the central nervous system (CNS) is isolated from the general circulation by the _________
blood brain barrier
The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) reaches the subarachnoid space via _________
three holes in the fourth ventricle
The blood–brain barrier remains intact throughout the CNS, EXCEPT in ______
portions of the hypothalamus and choroid plexus
The central white matter of the cerebrum is found ________
beneath the neural cortex and around the cerebral nuclei
Visual information has been processed in Jennifer’s right visual association area, and impulses are then sent to her right prefrontal cortex to be used in decision making. Which type of white fiber carries the information to her prefrontal cortex?
longitudinal fasciculi
What is the effect on the right eye when a bright light is shown into the left eye?
the consensual light reflex will occur
