chapter nine: water in plants

Question 1

elements that are vital for a plants metabolism, growth, and reproduction

Answer 1

essential nutrients

Question 2

___ elements are required by plants; ___ macronutrients and ___ micronutrients

Answer 2

16
9
7

Question 3

9 macronutrients that a plant needs

Answer 3

C, H, O, P, K, N, S, Ca, Mg

Question 4

7 micronutrients that a plant needs

Answer 4

Cl, Fe, B, Zn, Mn, Cu, Mo

Question 5

deficiencies in nutrients produce ____

Answer 5

distinct symptoms

Question 6

plants obtain nutrients from ___ and ___

Answer 6

atmosphere and soil

Question 7

main nutrients obtained from the atmosphere are ___ and ___ from ___

Answer 7

C and O from CO2

Question 8

nutrients are mainly obtained in the soil in the form of ____, ___, and ___

Answer 8

minerals, H2O, and O2

Question 9

how does dead organic matter get transferred into mineral inorganic matter

Answer 9

active decay promoted by decomposers

Question 10

plants obtain nitrogen from the soil with the help of ___ and ___

Answer 10

certain bacteria and decomposers

Question 11

most plants take up nitrogen in the form of ___ or ___

Answer 11

NH4+ or NO3-

Question 12

nitrogen fixing bacteria that infects leguminous plants, triggering the development of root nodules

Answer 12

rhizobium

Question 13

water and dissolved minerals go from roots to shoots under ____ cause by ___

Answer 13

negative pressure
transpiration

Question 14

three steps of movement of water and dissolved minerals

Answer 14

1. transpiration
2. replacement of transpired water
3. uptake of water by roots

Question 15

water evaporates via transpiration due to a steep ____

Answer 15

diffusion gradient (leaf interior has higher moisture content than atmosphere)

Question 16

transpired water is replaced by water traveling upward through ___; ___ and ___ of water allow for this, and this is known as the ____

Answer 16

xylem
cohesion and adhesion
cohesion-tension theory

Question 17

water that travels upward through xylem is replaced by ___

Answer 17

water from the soil

Question 18

water diffuses into roots because ____

Answer 18

solute concentration in root cells is higher than that in the soil

Question 19

water entering roots can move through cortex by these two routes

Answer 19

apoplastic (extracellular) pathway
symplastic (intracellular) pathway

Question 20

___ is a positive pressure that can help contribute to the movement of water through the plant, but is not as important as ___

Answer 20

root pressure
transpiration

Question 21

anything generated from photosynthesis, primarily sugar

Answer 21

photosynthate

Question 22

photosynthates travel from ___ to ___ under ___ pressure

Answer 22

source to sink
positive pressure

Question 23

where glucose is made or stored; where sugar is loaded into phloem

Answer 23

source

Question 24

where glucose will be used, where the bonds will be broken; where sugar is removed from phloem

Answer 24

sink

Question 25

3 steps of loading photosynthates into phloem at the source

Answer 25

1. solutes enter a sieve tube by active transport
2. water enters sieve tube from the xylem by osmosis, increasing pressure in the sieve tube
3. this pressure pushes the solute toward the sink

Question 26

2 steps of unloading photosynthates from phloem at the sink

Answer 26

1. as sink is reached, solutes are unloaded by passive diffusion
2. water moves out of phloem to the xylem by osmosis, decreasing pressure in the sieve tube

Question 27

loading and unloading happens in which direction?

Answer 27

both; roots to shoots and shoots to roots

Question 28

loading and unloading is regulated by ___ and ___

Answer 28

hormones and enzymes