Chapter Four: Plant Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

four basic tissue types that make up gymnosperms and angiosperms

A
  1. meristems
  2. ground tissue
  3. dermal tissue
  4. vascular tissue
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2
Q

regions of active cell division

A

meristems

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3
Q

meristems contain ____ cells

A

undifferentiated

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4
Q

meristem that is located near the tips of shoots and roots in all plants

A

apical meristem

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5
Q

three types of primary tissue

A
  1. protoderm
  2. procambium
  3. ground meristem
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6
Q

the protoderm gives rise to the ____

A

epidermis

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7
Q

the procambium gives rise to the ___ and ___

A

primary xylem and primary phloem

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8
Q

the ground meristem gives rise to the ___ and ___

A

cortex and pith

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9
Q

pith is found in the central region of ____

A

monocots

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10
Q

apical meristems allow shoots and roots to ____; this is known as ____

A

lengthen
primary growth

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11
Q

located near older roots and shoots of woody dicots and gymnosperms

A

lateral meristems (cambia)

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12
Q

gives rise to secondary xylem and phloem

A

vascular cambium

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13
Q

gives rise to outer bark

A

cork cambium

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14
Q

lateral meristems allow shoots and roots in ___; this is known as ___

A

increase in girth
secondary growth

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15
Q

located at the base of grass plants, allows grass to regrow after being cut back

A

intercalated meristems

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16
Q

makes up the bulk of plant interior

A

ground tissue

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17
Q

3 cell types in ground tissue

A
  1. parenchyma
  2. sclerenchyma
  3. collenchyma
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18
Q

parenchyma cells have a ___ cell wall

A

thin

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19
Q

parenchyma cells function in ___, ___, and ___

A

cellular respiration, photosynthesis, and storage of metabolic products

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20
Q

sclerenchyma cells have a ___ cell wall and are ___ at maturity

A

thick
dead

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21
Q

sclerenchyma cells function to support ____ regions of plants; aka ___ support

A

non-growing
rigid

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22
Q

two different types of sclerenchyma

A

sclerids, fibers

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23
Q

collenchyma cells have a ___ cell

A

unevenly thick

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24
Q

collenchyma cells function to support growing regions of ___

A

shoots

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25
Q

a single layer of tightly packed cells covering plants

A

dermal tissue

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26
Q

waxy coating produced by epidermis of stems and leaves

A

cuticle

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27
Q

term for the wax that is produced by epidermis

A

cutin

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28
Q

cuticle functions to ___ and ___

A

protect plant and conserve water

29
Q

pores extending through epidermis

A

stomata

30
Q

stomata are made up of ___ and ___

A

some (the pore) and two specialized epidermal cells

31
Q

specialized epidermal cells in a stomata that can rapidly take on or release water to either open or close the stoma

A

guard cells

32
Q

when guard cells take in water, the pore ___;
when guard cells release water, the pore ___

A

opens
closes

33
Q

the stomata regulates _____

A

gas and water exchange with the environment

34
Q

epidermal outgrowths

A

trichomes

35
Q

root hairs increase ____ for ____

A

surface area
absorption of water

36
Q

lead hairs slow ____ which reduces ____

A

air movement over leaf
water loss

37
Q

some trichomes deter ____

A

predators

38
Q

specialized conducting tissue in plants

A

vascular tissue

39
Q

vascular tissue is ___, meaning it is made up of more than one ___

A

complex
cell type

40
Q

transports water and dissolved materials from roots to shoots

A

xylem

41
Q

xylem only transports water and materials in the direction of ____

A

roots to shoots (up the plant)

42
Q

why does xylem only transport water up the plant

A

transpiration creates a negative pressure, so the water moves up

43
Q

xylem consists of ___ and ___

A

tracheids and vessel elements

44
Q

tracheids have ___ ends and are more ___ than vessel elements

A

tapered, narrow

45
Q

tracheids transport water under ___ pressure

A

higher

46
Q

tracheids have ___ that allow for ___ transport

A

pits
lateral

47
Q

vessel elements are built like ___

A

drinking straws

48
Q

vessel elements are lined up in long pathways called ___; they transport water at ___ pressure

A

vessels
low

49
Q

xylem tissue is ___ at maturity

A

dead

50
Q

xylem have ___ secondary cell walls

A

thick

51
Q

___, ___, and ___ are also found in xylem

A

parenchymal cells, ray tissue, and fiber

52
Q

ray tissue is specifically designed for ___

A

lateral transport

53
Q

phloem is always associated with ___

A

xylem

54
Q

phloem transports ____ throughout the plant

A

organic compounds

55
Q

phloem consists of ___ and ___

A

sieve tube members and companion cells

56
Q

sieve cells have ___ on the end of the tube to help regulate ___ and ___

A

screens
flow and pressure

57
Q

companion cells function only to

A

protect and support sieve cells

58
Q

phloem tissue is ___ at maturity

A

alive

59
Q

___, ___, and ___ also found in phloem

A

parenchyma, ray tissue, and fiber

60
Q

phloem transports organic molecules in the direction of ___

A

roots to shoots (up) AND shoots to roots (down)

61
Q

all plants are built from ___ tissue

A

primary

62
Q

some plants develop ___ and ___ to replace primary tissue

A

vascular cambium and cork cambium

63
Q

the vascular cambium and cork cambium allow for growth in ___ and replacement of ___ with ___

A

diameter
primary tissue with secondary tissue

64
Q

all secondary tissues fall into the category of ___ or ___

A

wood or bark

65
Q

secondary xylem

A

wood

66
Q

wood is added by the ___

A

vascular cambium

67
Q

secondary phloem

A

bark

68
Q

the inner bark is constantly compressed by ___ and ___

A

wood growth and outer bark growth

69
Q

outer bark comes from ____

A

cork cambium