Chapter Five: Roots Flashcards
underground part of a plant
roots
3 major functions of roots
- anchor plant to substrate
- absorb, transport, and store water and minerals
- absorb oxygen
two main types of roots
- taproots
- fibrous roots
taproots are primarily found in ___
monocots
in taproots, the radical becomes the ___
mature root system
fibrous roots are primarily found in ___
dicots
in fibrous roots, the radical ___ a few days after sprouting
dies
in fibrous roots, the mature root system develops from ____
adventitious roots from the meristem
four areas of the root tip
- root cap
- zone of cell division
- zone of elongation
- zone of maturation
the root cap is a cluster of ____ that function to ___
parenchymal cells
protect the growing tip of the root
a root will continue to grow until ____
its root cap is worn off
the root cap also secretes a ____ that functions to ___
slimy substance
lubricate the root’s passage through the soil
the zone of cell division consists of the ____; it is where most ____ takes place
apical meristem
cell division
the ___ merges with the apical meristem
zone of elongation
what do cells do in the zone of elongation
grow several times their original length and somewhat wider
which structure inside the cells forms in the zone of elongation
tiny vacuoles merge and grow together into one or two large vacuoles
cells in the zone of maturation ____ and ____ also form here
differentiate into cell types
root hairs
root hairs are extensions of the ____
epidermis