Chapter Nine: Biological Diversity Flashcards
What is taxonomy?
The system by which we name and classify all organisms
What is the system of taxonomy known as as per having two-part names?
Binomial nomenclature
What is hierarchy of taxa?
Levels of organization
What are the many taxa ?
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
What is a kingdom?
Most general, has most varied organisms
What is species?
Most specific, has most similar organisms
What USED to be the 6 kingdoms?
- Monera (prokaryotes)
- Protista
- Fungi
- Plantae
- Animalia
- Archaebacteria (extremophiles, extreme environment but were unalike bacteria)
What are the 3 superkingdoms now consisting the 3 domain system?
- Archaea
- Bacteria
- Eukarya
Why is monera no longer used?
Prokaryotes are spread across Archaea and bacteria
Why was the chnace to 3 domain system necessary?
Archaea needed their own group because they were so different from bacteria
State the vital role of bacteria in the ecosystem
Decomposes
How can bacteria be harmful?
Pathogens
What is the role of bacteria in genetic engineering?
Can reproduce hormones by inserting plasmids
What are bacteria?
Single celled prokaryotes with no internal membranes (nuclei)
Some bacteria carry out conjugation. What is this?
Remporarycytoplasmicunion/cellular contact withexchangeofgeneticmaterial
Bacteria can be anaerobes or aerobes. What are these?
Absence of presence of oxygen during respiration
What do bacteria have in Common with plants?
Cell wall
Do bacteria have introns?
No (non ccoding regions of dna)
What are Archaea?
They are unicellular prokaryotes with no membrane bound organelles and live in harsh environments
What are extremophiles?
Organisms living in extreme environments
What are methanogens?
Extremophiles that obtain energy by producing methane from hydrogen
What are halophiles?
Extremophiles, that thrive in environments with high salt concentrations
What are thermophiles?
Extremophiles that thrive in high temperatures
What do some Archaea have in their genes that bacteria do not?
Introns