Chapter Four: Cell Respiration Flashcards
What is cell respiration?
It is a series of oxidative reactions by which cells gradually release energy from glucose and transfer it to ATP molecules
What is the equation for complete aerobic respiration of glucose?
C6H12O6 + 6O2–> 6CO2 + 6H20 + Energy
Full form of ATP?
Adenosine Triphosphate
What is ATP?
High energy molecule that stores energy for immediate use in the cell
What is the composition of ATP?
1 adenosine (nucleotide adenine + ribose)
+
3 phosphates
What does removal of a phosphate group from ATP do?
Forms a more stable, lower energy molecule ADP
What happens when ATP converts to ADP
Energy is released from cellular work
How can ADP be made to ATP?
Energy is absorbed from respiration to add a phosphate group
How many membranes enclose the mitochondrion?
Two- outer and inner
What is special about the inner mitochondrial membrane
It has folds calledl cristae
What are the exterior and interior of the inner membrane called?
Ex- outer compartment
In- matrix
Where does the Krebs cycle take place?
Matrix
Where does the electron transport chain take place?
Cistae membrane
Cell respiration can have 2 phases. What are they?
Anaerobic and aerobic
If oxygen is absent, what follows glycolysis?
Alcohol or lactic acid fermentation
If oxygen is present, what follows glycolysis?
Krebs cycle, the electron transport chain, and chemiosmosis
Another word of anaerobic respiration:
Fermentation
What processes does anaerobic respiration consist of?
Glycolysis
Either alcohol Or lactic acid fermentation
State the word equation for Glycolysis
Glycolysis
Glucose ————–> Pyruvic acid + small amount of ATP
Glycolysis is the anaerobic phase of aerobic respiration. What happens to one molecule of glucose during Glycolysis?
It breaks apart into two molecules of pyruvate. (Pyruvic acid is one half a glucose molecule)
Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?
Cytoplasm
What supplies the energy of activation for glycolysis?
2 molecules of ATP
How many ATP molecules does Glycolysis release?
4, hence a net gain of 2 ATP
What is the balanced chemical equation for Glycolysis?
1 glucose + 2 ATP –> 2 Pyruvate + 4 ATP + 2 NADH (net gain 2 ATP)
What is alcohol fermentation?
Process by which certain cells convert pyruvic acid into ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide in the absence of oxygen
When does lactic acid fermentation occur?
During strenuous exercise when the body uses a lot of oxygen as demanded by skeletal muscles
What is pyruvic acid converted to during lactic acid fermentation?
Lactic acid
What causes fatigue and burning during excercise?
Lactic acid build up
How is lactic acid removed from the muscles?
When an increase in blood flow restores oxygen levels, the muscle tissue reverts to the more efficient aerobic respiration and lactic acid is removed
What happens to lactic acid after being removed from muscles?
Carried to the liver where it’s converted back to pyruvic acid
What is the Krebs cycle also known as
Citric acid cycle