Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology Subject Test (SAT II) > Chapter Five: Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Chapter Five: Photosynthesis Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
SAT® Prep flashcards AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

Process by which light/solar energy is used to make glucose, by converting it to chemical energy stored in chemical bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the general formula for photosynthesis?

A

6CO2 + 6H2O –> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Reverse of respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why is photosynthesis a reduction reaction?

A

Because carbon dioxide (energy poor) is gaining electrons from hydrogen to become energy rich sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are organisms that make their own food called?

A

Autotrophs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

State the structure of a chloroplast

A

Enclosed by a double membrane
Has grana, which are layers of membranes called thylakoids
And stroma, colourless proteinaceous matrix in which grana are embedded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where in a chloroplast do light dependant reactions occur?

A

Grana

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where does the Calvin cycle/light-independant reactions occur?

A

Stroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why will a plant die if only exposed to green light?

A

It reflects green light and absorbs all others. So due to lack of energy would not make food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are pigments?

A

Substances that absorb light in the visible spectrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which pigment can directly participate in light dependant reactions?

A

Chlorophyll a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Different pigments can absorb…

A

Different wavelengths of light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do other accessory pigments do?

A

Assist in photosynthesis by capturing and passing on photons of light to chlorophyll a, and thus expanding range of light which can be used to make sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name 3 accessory pigments

A

Chlorophyll b
Cartenoids
Phycobilins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Differentiate the accessory pigments in terns of colours

A

Chlorophyll b - reflects green light
Cartenoid - yellow orange red
Phycobilin - red found in red algae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the condition relating light being used as energy to create sugar?

A

ONLY light ABSORBED can be used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the function of light dependant reactions?

A

Produce energy (ATP) and protons for the light-independent reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the function of light independant reactions?

A

Making sugar (PGAL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Grana is made of stacks of thylakoids, what’s inside of these?

A

Hundred of light-absorbing complexes called photo systems which house chlorophyll a, b and cartenoids

19
Q

In a simple equation state how ATP is made in chloroplasts (as in mitochondria) and state the one difference

A

Light -> chlorophyll -> excited electrons -> ETC -> proton gradient -> ATP synthetase -> ATP

However, water is not the by-product it is instead the source of electrons and protons!!

20
Q

What is the name of the process which breaks down water, and what are the products?

A

Photolysis

Electrons, protons, oxygen

21
Q

What is the role of each product from photolysis in sugar making?

A

Electrons - replace those lost by chlorophyll
Protons - go through ATP synthetase channels and get carried by NADP to stroma for Calvin cycle/light-independent reactions
Oxygen - waste released to atmosphere. This is how we get our oxygen!!

22
Q

What is the function of the Calvin cycle?

A

Sugar / PGAL production

23
Q

Briefly, what happens during the light-independent reactions ?

A

CO2, which the plant takes in through it’s veins, combines with protons and electrons from the light reactions carried by NADP to produce sugar

24
Q

Give the simplified equation for the light-independent reactions

A

CO2 + H+ + electrons -> PGAL

25
Q

What is carbon fixation and when does it occur?

A

Incorporation of CO2 into a sugar molecule

In the Calvin cycle

26
Q

What is the full form of PGAL?

A

Phosphoglyceraldehyde

27
Q

What is the all important enzyme in the Calvin cycle? (short and formal names)

A

Rubisco - Ribulose bipphosphate carboxylase

28
Q

State the (4) essence of the light independent reactions

A
  • take place in stroma of chloroplasts
  • PGAL is produced
  • Rubisco enzyme is required
  • large amounts of ATP needed (come from light dependant reactions)
29
Q

How many carbons in one PGAL?

A

Its a 3 carbon sugar

30
Q

What is another way to say PGAL?

A

G3P

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

31
Q

Differentiate when CR and P occur

A

CR - all the time

P - only in light

32
Q

Differentiate reactions of CR and P overall

A

CR - oxidation

P - reduction

33
Q

What are 2 similarities between CR and P?

A
  • rely on ETC to make a proton gradient

* ATP produced by ATP synthetase

34
Q

Differentiate molecule requirements and released between CR and P

A

CR - O2 needed, CO2 released

P - CO2 needed, O2 released

35
Q

Differentiate the proton carriers in CR and P

A

CR - NAD

P - NADP

36
Q

Differentiate the cyclical processes contained by CR and P

A

CR - Krebs

P - Calvin

37
Q

Why does majority of photosynthesis take place in the palisade layer?

A

Has many tightly packed cells that contain chloroplasts

38
Q

The spongy mesophyll layer also has cells of chloroplasts but loosely packed with many AIR SPACES. What does this allow?

A

Exchange of oxygen, water vapor, and carbon dioxide

39
Q

What does the clear epidermis do?

A

It does not photosynthesise
It protects the delicate underlying cells
It allows light to pass into the leaf

40
Q

What is the layer above epidermis called and what’s of made of?

A

Cuticle

Cutin

41
Q

What is the use of the cuticle?

A

It is waterproof so it minimises excessive water loss

42
Q

What controls the opening and closing of stomates?

A

Guard cells

43
Q

What is the use of stomata?

A

Allow for gas exchange with minimum water loss

44
Q

Do light independent reactions occur at night?

A

No. They may not need light but do need H+, ATP, and NADP from the light dependant reactions

Biology Subject Test (SAT II) (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions