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5 detective full guide > CHAPTER KEY TERMS - OTHER TERMS 2 > Flashcards

CHAPTER KEY TERMS - OTHER TERMS 2 Flashcards

1
Q

VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER

A

A 17 DIGIT NUMBER ASSIGNED TO EACH VEHICLE BY THE MANUFACTURER AT THE TIME OF PRODUCTION DESIGNED TO DISTINGUISH EACH VEHICLE FROM ALL OTHERS

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2
Q

VEHICLE ROBBERY

A

A ROBBERY OF A PERSONS DRIVING VEHICLES THAT INCLUDE DELIVERY VEHICLES, TAXICABS, AND BUSES, WHILE THE PEOPLE INVOLVED MAKE EASY TARGET FOR THE ROBBER BECAUSE THEY FREQUENTLY WORK ALONE AND IN SPARSELY POPULATED AREAS OF TOWN

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3
Q

VI CAP

A

VIOLENT CRIMINAL APPREHENSION PROGRAM, OPERATED BY THE FBI

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4
Q

VICE

A

GENERALLY ASSOCIATED WITH ORGANIZED CRIME, VICE CRIMES SUPPLY ILLEGAL GOODS AND SERVICES.

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5
Q

VICTIMLESS CRIME

A

MOST TYPICALLY , A VICE CRIME IN WHICH ALL PARTIES OF THE CRIMINAL ACT ARE WILLING PARTICIPANTS.

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6
Q

VISIBLE FINGERPRINTS

A

A TYPE OF FINGERPRINT LEFT AT A CRIME SCENE THAT RESULTS FROM BEING ADULTERATED WITH SOME FOREIGN MATTER, SUCH AS BLOOD, FLOUR, OR OIL

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7
Q

VOICE STRESS ANALYZER

A

TECHNOLOGY THAT RECORDS PSYCHO AND PHYSIOLOGICAL STRETT RESPONSES THAT ARE PRESENT IN HUMAN VOICE, WHEN A PERSON SUFFERS PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS IN RESPONSE TO A STIMULUS AND WHERE THE CONSEQUENCES MAY BE DIRE FOR THE SUBJECT BEING TESTED

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8
Q

VOLUNTARY MANSLAUGHTER

A

THE KILLING OF A HUMAN BEING IN WHICH THE OFFENDER HAD NO PRIOR INTENT TO KILL AND ACTED DURING THE HEAD OF PASSION, UNDER CIRCUMSTANCES THAT WOULD CAUSE A REASONABLE PERSON TO BECOME EMOTIONALLY OR MENTALLY DISTURBED.

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9
Q

UNDERCOVER

10

A

A FORM OF CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION UTILIZING OPERATIVES TO DO NOT APPEAR TO BE LAW ENFORCEMENT

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10
Q

UNDERCOVER OFFICER

A

WHEN A POLICE OFFICER POSES AS A CRIMINAL TO GAIN EVIDENCE FOR CRIMINAL PROSECUTION

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11
Q

UNDERCOVER OPERATIONS

A

DISGUISING ONES OWN IDENTITY OR USING AN ASSUMED IDENTITY FOR THE PURPOSES OF GAINING THE TRUST OF AN INDIVIDUAL OR ORGANIZATION TO LEARN SECRET INFORMATION OR TO GAIN THE TRUST OF TARGETED INDIVIDUALS IN ORDER TO GAIN INFORMATION OR EVIDENCE

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12
Q

UNIFORM CHILD CUSTODY JURISTIDTION ACT

A

LEGISLATION WHICH MADE THE PRACTICE OF MOVING TO ANOTHER STATE FOR THE PURPOSE OF CHANGING CUSTODY ILLEGAL.

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13
Q

TACTICAL INTELLIGENCE

A

INFORMATION THAT FURNISHES THE POLICE AGENCY WITH SPECIFICS ABOUT INDIVIDUALS, ORGANIZATIONS, AND DIFFERENT TYPES OF CRIMINAL ACTIVITY

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14
Q

TAGGING

A

A PROCESS OF ALTERING TITLE DOCUMENTS FOR STOLEN AUTOMOBILES.

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15
Q

TATTOOING

A

A TERM REFERRING TO THE DEPOSIT OF GUNPOWDER ON THE SKIN OF A SHOOTING ICTIM WHO WAS SHOT AT CLOSE RANGE.

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16
Q

TERRORISM

A

ACTIONS OR POLICY INTENDED TO INTIMIDATE OR CAUSE TERROR

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17
Q

TERRY STOP

A

A BRIEF DETENTION OF A PERSON BY POLICE

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18
Q

TESTIMONIAL EVIDENCE

A

EVIDENCE BASED ON STATEMENTS PROVIDED BY SUSPECTS, WITNESSES, OR VICTIMS OF A CRIME

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19
Q

TESTIMONY

20

A

A STATEMENT MADE IN RESPONSE TO A QUESTION OR SERIES OF QUESTIONS

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20
Q

TEXAS RANGERS

A

ONE OF THE EARLIEST LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIVE UNITS, FORMED IN TEXAS BEFORE TEXAS BECAME A STATE

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21
Q

THERMAL IMAGING

A

TECHNOLOGY THAT IS USED TO IDENTIFY HEAT SOURCES THAT MIGHT REVEAL CRIMINAL ACTIVITY

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22
Q

THEIF CATCHERS

A

PEOPLE RECRUITED FROM THE RIFFRAFF OF THE STREETS TO AID LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICIALS IN LOCATING CRIMINALS DURING THE EUROPEAN INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

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23
Q

THINK ALOUD INTERVIEWING

A

AN INTERVIEW TECHNIQUE USED TO DESCRIBE A SPECIFIC TYPE OF ACTIVITY IN WHICH SUBJECTS ARE EXPLICITLY INSTRUCTED TO THINK ALOUD AS THEY ANSWER THE SURVEY QUESTIONS

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24
Q

TIN TRUCK

A

A TRUCK USED TO TRANSPORT PARTS OF A STOLEN VEHICLE

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25
Q

TOLERANCE

A

A PHYSICAL CONDITION THAT DEVELOPS WHEN A PERSON NEEDS INCREASING DOSES OF A DRUG TO EXPERIENCE ITS INITIAL EFFECTS

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26
Q

TOTALITY OF THE CIRCUMSTANCES

A

A TERM OF ART THAT REFERS TO AN OFFICERS UNDERSTANDING OF ALL AVAILABLE FACTS AND INFORMATION RELATING TO A PARTICULAR INCIDENT OR CRIME

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27
Q

TOXICOLOGY

A

A BRANCH OF BIOLOGY, CHEMISTRY, AND MEDICINE CONCERNED WITH THE STUDY OF THE ADVERSE EFFECTS OF CHEMICALS AND POISONS ON LIVING ORGANISMS

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28
Q

TRAILERS

A

MATERIALS USED IN SPREADING AN ARSON FIRE

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29
Q

TRANSFER OF EVIDENCE THEORY

30

A

THE THEORY THAT WHENEVER TWO OBJECTS MEET, SOME EVIDENCE, HOWEVER MICROSCOPIC MAY REMAIN TO DEMONSTRATE THAT THE ENCOUNTER DID OCCUR

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30
Q

TRAP DOORS

A

A TECHNIQUE IN WHICH PROGRAMMERS INSERT DEBUGGING AIDS THAT BREAK SECURITY CODES IN THE COMPUTER AND THEN INSERT AN ADDITIONAL CODE OF THEIR OWN

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31
Q

TRIANGULATION

A

THE PROCESS OF FINDING ONES POSITION ON A GIVEN PLANE WHEN TWO VISUAL LANDMARKS ARE KNOWN

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32
Q

TRIANGULATION METHOD

A

A BIRDS EYE VIEW OF CRIME SCENE USING FIXED OBJECTS FROM WHICH TO MEASURE

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33
Q

TRIGGERING CONDITION

A

AN ANTICIPATED FUTURE EVENT GIVING RISE TO A PROBABLE CAUSE SEARCH

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34
Q

TROJAN HORSE

A

A CRIMINAL COMPUTER PROGRAM THAT AUTOMATICALLY TRANSFERS MONEY TO AN ILLEGAL ACCOUNT WHENEVER A LEGAL TRANSACTION IS MADE.

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35
Q

QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS

A

DOCUMENTS THAT ARE SUSPECTED OF BEING ASSOCIATE WITH CRIMINAL ACTIVITY

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36
Q

RAPE

A

UNLAWFUL SEXUAL INTERCOURSE, ACHIEVED THROUGH FORCE WITHOUT CONSENT.

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37
Q

RAPE KIT

A

A SET OF ITEMS USED BY MEDICAL PERSONNEL FOR GATHERING AND PRESERVING PHYSICAL EVIDENCE FOLLOWING AN ALLEGATION OF SECUAL ASSAULT, WHICH CAN BE USED IN RAPE INVESTIGATION.

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38
Q

REASONABLE DEADLY FORCE

A

THE USE OF DEADLY FORCE BY A LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICER THAT IS CONSISTENT WITH THE CONSTITUTIONAL STANDARD OF OBJECTIVELY REASONABLE AS IDENTIFIED UNDER GRAHAM VS CONNER

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39
Q

RELATIVE JUDGEMENT

40

A

WHEN EYEWITNESSES COMPARE LINEUP PHOTOGRAPHS OR MEMBERS WITH EACH OTHER RATHER THEN WITH THEIR MEMORY OF THE OFFENDER

40
Q

RELEVANCY TEST

A

PERMITS, IN A COURT OF LAW , THE ADMISSION OF RELEVANT EVIDENCE THAT IS HELPFUL TO THE TRIER OF FACT.

41
Q

RESIDENTIAL BURGLARY

A

THE BURGLARY OF ONES RESIDENCE

42
Q

RESISTANCE

A

PHYSICAL OR PSYCHOLOGICAL UNWILLINGNESS TO COMPLY

43
Q

RESTRAINING ORDER

A

A FORM OF LEGAL INJUNCTION THAT REQUIRES PARTY TO DO, OR TO REFRAIN FROM DOING, CERTAIN ACTS.

44
Q

RETAIL BURGLARY

A

THEFT OF A PLACE OF BUSINESS GENERALLY OCCURRING WHEN THE BUSINESS IS UNOCCUPIED

45
Q

REVERSE DRUG STING OPERATION

A

AN UNDERCOVER POLICE OPERATION WHEREBY THE POLICE POSE AS CRIMINALS, SUCH AS DRUG DEALERS OR PROSTITUTES , FOR THE PURPOSE OF ARRESTING PERSONS WHO OFFER TO PAY FOR SERVICES OFFERED BY THE UNDERCOVER OFFICER

46
Q

RICO ACT

A

THE 1970 RACKETEERING INFLUENCED NAD CORRUPT ORGANIZATIONS ACT.

47
Q

RIGOR MORTIS

A

THE PROCESS OF STIFFENING OR CONTRACTION OF THE MUSCLES OF A DECEASED PERSON AFTER THE VITAL FUNCTIONS CEASE

48
Q

ROBBERY

A

FACE TO FACE TAKING OF PROPERTY FROM THE VICTIM BY THE OFFENDER

49
Q

ROGUES GALLERY

50

A

A COMPILATION OF DESCRIPTIONS, METHODS OF OPERATION, HIDING PLACES, AND THE NAMES OF ASSOCIATES OF KNOWN CRIMINALS IN THE 1850S

50
Q

ROUGH SKETCH

A

THE INITIAL CRIME SCENE SKETCH DRAWN BY OFFICERS ON THE CRIME SCENE

51
Q

RUNAWAY OR LOST CHILD

A

A CATEGORY OF MISSING CHILDREN THAT IS THE MOST COMMONLY ENCOUNTERED BY LAW ENFORCEMENT

52
Q

OBJECTION

A

A PROTEST TO THE JUDGE REGARDING THE FORM OF THE QUESTION BEING ASKED OF THE WITNESS

53
Q

OLFACTORY SENSES

A

PERTAINING TO SMELL. A DISTINGUISHABLE ODOR MAY INDICATE A SPECIFIC TYPE OF CRIME

54
Q

ONE PERCENTER OMG

A

A TERM THAT REFERS TO OUTLAW MOTORCYCLE GANGS WHOSE MEMBERS CONSIDER MEMBERSHIP A LIFESTYLE THAT IS IMPORTED BY CRIMINAL ACTIVITY

55
Q

OLFACTORY SENSES

A

A TERM THAT REFERS TOTHE OPEN FIELDS DOCTRINE WAS FIRST ARTICULATED BY THE US SUPREME COURT IN HESTER MS UNITED STATES WHICH STATED THAT THE SPECIAL PROTECTION ACCORDER BY THE FOURTH AMENDMENT TO THE PEOPLE IN THEIR PERSONS, HOUSES, PAPERS, AND EFFECTS, IS NOT EXTENDED TO OPEN FIELDS.

56
Q

OPPORTUNISTIC ROBBER

A

A ROBBER WHO STEALS TO OBTAIN SMALL AMOUNTS OF MONEY WHEN HE OR SHE IDENTIFIES WHAT SEEMS TO BE A VULNERABLE TARGET

57
Q

OUTLAW MOTORCYCLE GANGS

A

CRIMINAL GANGS COMMONLY AFFILIATED WITH MOTORCYCLES

58
Q

OUTSIDE TEAM

A

THE ARREST TEAM IN A SURVEILLANCE

59
Q

PAPER TRAIL

60

A

EVIDENCE IN AN ARSON CASE THAT SHOWS MOTIVE. THIS INCLUDES FINANCIAL RECORDS, INFLATED INSURANCE COVERAGE, LITTLE OR NO INVENTORY, AND EXCESSIVE DEBTS.

60
Q

PARENTAL KIDNAPPING PREVENTION ACT

A

A LAW THAT ESTABLISHES NATIONAL STANDARDS FOR THE ASSERTION OF CHILD CUSTODY JURISDICTION.

61
Q

PAT DOWN SEARCH

A

A SEARCH OF A PERSONS OUTER CLOTHING WHERIN A PERSON RUNS HIS OR HER HANDS ALONG THE OUTER GARMENTS TO DETECT ANY CONCEALED WEAPONS OR CONTRABAND.

62
Q

PATENT FINGERPRINT

A

A LATENT FINGERPRING

63
Q

PEDOPHILIA

A

THE BASIS OF SEXUAL MISCONDUCT WITH CHILDREN

64
Q

PERSONALITY PROFILE

A

A MEANS OF IDENTIFYING THE TYPE OF PERSON RESPONSIBLE FOR A PARTICULAR CRIME. THIS IS ACCOMPLISHED BY IDENTIFYING THE PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS SURROUNDING THE CRIME AS WEL AS THE MANNER IN WHICH IT WAS COMMITTED.

65
Q

PHOTO LINEUP

A

THE USE OF PHOTOGRAPHS THAT ARE SHOWN TO A VICTIM OR WITNESS IN THE IDENTIFICATION PROCESS

66
Q

PHYSICAL ABUSE

A

A TERM REFERRING TO THE PHYSICAL ASSAULT OR OTHER HARMFUL PHYSICAL CONTACT BETWEEN A SUSPECT AND A UNDERAGED CHILD

67
Q

PHYSICAL EVIDENCE

A

ANY TYPE OF EVIDENCE HAVING SHAPE, SIZE OR DIMENSION

68
Q

PHYSICAL SURVEILLANCE

A

THE ACT OF LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS VISUALLY OBSERVING A SUSPECT OR LOCATION

69
Q

PRISON GANG

70

A

CRIMINAL ORGANIZATIONS THAT ORIGINATED WITHIN THE PENAL SYSTEM AND OPERTE WITHIN CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES THROUGHOUT THE UNITED STATES

70
Q

PROFESSIONAL ROBBER

A

A ROBBER WHO HAS LONG TERM COMMITMENT TO CRIME AS A SOURCE OF LIVELIHOOD, PLANNING AND ORGANIZING CRIMES BEFORE COMMITTING THEM, AND PURSUING MONEY TO SUPPORT A PARTICULAR LIFESTYLE.

71
Q

PSYCHOLOGICAL PROFILING

A

A BEHAVIORAL AND INVESTIGATIVE TOOL THAT IS INTENDED TO HELP INVESTIGATORS TO ACCURATELY PREDICT AND PROFILE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF UNKNOWN CRIMINAL SUBJECTS OR OFFENDERS

72
Q

PILFERAGE

A

THE STEALING OF MERCHANDISE

73
Q

PINKERTON NATIONAL DETECTIVE AGENCY

A

FOUNDED BY ALLEN PINKERTON IN 1850, THIS WAS ONE OF THE FIRST CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIVE BODIES TO EXIST IN THE UNITED STATES

74
Q

PLAIN VIEW DOCTRINE

A

A LEGAL DOCTRINE WHEREBY POLICE OFFICERS HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY TO CONFISCATE EVIDENCE, WITHOUT A WARRANT, BASED ON WHAT THEY FIND IN PLAIN VIEW AND OPEN TO PUBLIC INSPECTION

75
Q

POINT OF ORIGIN

A

THE LOCATION OF AN ARSON SCENE WHERE THE FIRE ORIGINATED

76
Q

POLYGRAPH

A

A MECHANICAL DEVICE DESIGNED TO AID INVESTIGATORS IN OBTAINING INFORMATION

77
Q

POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION

A

A PROCESS IN WHICH DNA STRIPS CAN BE RAPIDLY REPRODUCED FOR SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS

78
Q

POSTMORTEM LIVIDITY

A

A PURPLISH COLORATION OF THE SKIN OF A DECEASED PERSON

79
Q

POWER ASSERTIVE RAPIST.

80

A

A RAPIST WHO ATTEMPTS TO DEMONSTRATE HIS MANHOOD TO THE VICTIM THROUGH SEXUAL ASSAULT.

80
Q

POWER REASSURANCE RAPIST

A

A RAPIST WHO HAS THE PRIMARY MOTIVATION OF POWER OVER HIS VITIM

81
Q

PREFERENTIAL MOLESTER

A

A CHILD MOLESTER WHO HAS SEXUAL DESIRES FOCUSING ON CHILDREN AND TYPICALLY HAS A MORE IDENTIFIABLE PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDER

82
Q

PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION

A

A TERM REFERRING TO THE EARLY STAGES OF CRIME SCENE PROCESSING , USUALLY CONDUCTED BY THE FIRST OFFICER ON THE CRIME SCENE

83
Q

PREMEDITATION

A

PLANNING BEFOREHAND THAT SHOWS INTENT TO COMMIT A CRIMINAL ACT

84
Q

PRETRIAL CONFERENCE

A

A MEETING BETWEEN THE PROSECUTOR AND THE INVESTIGATOR AT WHICH THE PROSECUTION STRATEGY TO A CRIMINAL CASE IS DISCUSSED

85
Q

PRIMARY PHYSICAL AGGRESSOR

A

IF THE POLICE HAVE SUFFICIENT REASON TO BELIEVE THAT A PERSON, WITHIN THE PRECEDING FOUR HOURS, COMMITTED AN ACTIVE DOMESTIC VIOLENCE OR SPOUSAL BATTERY, THE OFFICER IS REQUIRED TO ARREST A PERSON. THIS PERSON IS KNOWN AS THE PRIMARY PHYSICAL AGGRESSOR

86
Q

PROACTIVE PATROL

A

AN EFFECTIVE POLICE PATROL FOOL TO PREVENT BURGLARY AS WELL AS MANY OTHER CRIMES

87
Q

PROBABLE CAUSE

A

THE MINIMUM AMOUNT OF INFORMATION NECESSARY TO CAUSE A REASONABLE PERSON TO BELIEVE THAT A CRIME HAS BEEN OR IS BEING COMMITTED

88
Q

PROFILE

A

A METHOD USED TO IDENTIFY AN OFFENDERS MOTIVAIONS

89
Q

PROOF

90

A

THE END OR NET RESULT OF THE EVIDENCE COLLECTION PROCESS

90
Q

PROPERTY CRIME

A

A TYPE OF CRIME WHEREBY THE CRIMINAL IS MORE CONCERNED WITH FINANCIAL GAIN AND LESS PREPARED FOR A VIOLENT ALTERCATION WITH THE VICTIM

91
Q

PROTECTION ORDER

A

A LEGAL DOCUMENT THAT ORDERS ONE PERSON TO STAY AWAY FORM ANOTHE

92
Q

PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDANCE

A

FEELING THAT A DRUG IS NECESSARY TO ONES WELL BEING

93
Q

PUBLIC SAFETY EXCEPTION

A

SUPREME COURT RULING THAT FOUND THAT POLICE OFFICERS WHO ARE REASONABLY CONCERNED FOR PUBLIC SAFETY MAY QUESTION PERSONS WHO ARE IN CUSTODY AND WHO HAVE NOT BEEN READ THE MIRANDA WARNTING

94
Q

PYROMANIAC

A

A PERSON WITH A PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDER IN WHICH SEXUAL GRATIFICATION IS OBTAINED THROUGH THE SETTING OF FIRES.

95
Q

WHITE COLLAR CRIME

A

A NON VIOLENT CRIME COMMITTED FOR FINANCIAL GAIN AND ACCOMPLISHED BY MEANS OF DECEPTION

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