Chapter III: Energy, Chemical Reactions and Cellular Respiration

Question 1

We need energy to: (6 things)

Answer 1

• power muscle
• pump blood
• absorb nutrients
• exchange respiratory gases
• synthesize new molecules
• establish cellular ion concentrations

Question 2

Energy Def:

Answer 2

the capacity to do work

Question 3

Potential energy def

Answer 3

• stored energy (energy of position)

Question 4

Kinetic energy def

Answer 4

• energy of motion

Question 5

What’s the type of gradient across the plasma membrane of the cell?

Answer 5

concentration gradient

Question 6

Where is Na+ greater? (outside or inside the cell)

Answer 6

outside

Question 7

In the concentration gradient where is potential energy transformed into kinetic energy

Answer 7

when sodium ion moves from area of high concenetration to an area of lesser concentration

Question 8

What is it called when something moves from higher to lower concentrations?

Answer 8

diffusion

Question 9

Chemical Energy Def:

Answer 9

energy stored in a molecule’s chemical bonds

Question 10

What is chemical energy used for?

Answer 10

movement, molecule synthesis, establishing concentration gradients

Question 11

Chemical energy is a form of what type of energy?

Answer 11

potential energy

Question 12

Tryglycerides use chemical energy with ______

Answer 12

long term energy storage in adipose tissue

Question 13

Glucose uses chemical energy with ____

Answer 13

glycogen stored in liver and muscle

Question 14

ATP uses chemical energy with ___

Answer 14

storing in all cells

Question 15

Protein uses chemical energy with _______-

Answer 15

can be used as a fuel molecule but has more important functions

Question 16

Kinetic energy: Electric energy def

Answer 16

the movement of charged particles

Question 17

Kinetic energy: mechanical energy def

Answer 17

exhibited by objects in motion

Question 18

Kinetic energy: Sound energy def

Answer 18

molecule compression caused by a vibrating object

Question 19

Kinetic energy: radiant energy def

Answer 19

energy of electromagnetic waves

Question 20

Forms of radiant energy with frequency high than visible light can what to the body?

Answer 20

penetrate the body and mutate DNA

Question 21

Heat def:

Answer 21

kinetic energy of random motion

Question 22

Thermodynamics:

Answer 22

study of energy transformation

Question 23

Energy not used is lost by what?

Answer 23

lost by heat

Question 24

First law of thermodynamics?

Answer 24

energy can neither be created nor destroyed; it can only change in form

Question 25

Second law of thermodynamics?

Answer 25

when energy is transformed, some energy is lost to heat

Question 26

Metabolism def:

Answer 26

all chemical reactions in the body

Question 27

When does Chemical REACTIONS occur?

Answer 27

when chemical bonds in existing molecular structures are broken

Question 28

The summary of chemical reactions are written as what?

Answer 28

chemical equation

Question 29

How are chemical reactions classified?

Answer 29

by changes in chemical structure, changes in chemical energy and whether the reaction is irreversible or reversible

Question 30

Catabolism def: (structure)

Answer 30

collective term for all decomposition reactions

Question 31

Anabolism def: (structure)

Answer 31

collective term for all synthesis reactions

Question 32

Decomposition reaction is what? (structure)

Answer 32

initial large molecule broken down into smaller structures

Question 33

Synthesis reaction is what? (structure)

Answer 33

two or more structures combines to form a larger structure

Question 34

Exergonic reactions? (chemical energy)

Answer 34

reactants with more energy within their chemical bonds than products (ex: decomp reactions)

Question 35

Endergonic reactions? (chemical energy)

Answer 35

reactans with less energy within their chemical bonds than products (ex: synthesis reactions)

Question 36

ATP cycling? (chemical energy)

Answer 36

the continuous formation and breakdown of ATP

Question 37

ATP energy is from what type of reactions?

Answer 37

exergonic reactions

Question 38

When ATP is oxidized what is the energy released used for?

Answer 38

energy requiring processes

Question 39

Reaction rate is:

Answer 39

measure of how quickly a chemical reaction takes place

Question 40

Activation energy is

Answer 40

energy required to break existing chemical bonds

Question 41

What is used in lab to break chemical bonds faster?

Answer 41

high temperature

Question 42

Enzymes are what?

Answer 42

catalysts that accelerate normal chemical activities

Question 43

A uncatalyzed reaction occurs if...

Answer 43

there is no enzyme present

Question 44

A catalyzed reaction occurs if

Answer 44

an enzyme is presnet

Question 45

The active site is where what bonds with what?

Answer 45

the substrate bonds with the enzyme

Question 46

When the substrate bonds with the enzyme it makes a ....

Answer 46

enzyme-substrate complez

Question 47

What is the specific of the active site and what does this do?

Answer 47

SHAPE - permits only a singe substrate to bind helps catalyze only one specific reaction