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A&P 1 > Chapter III: Energy, Chemical Reactions and Cellular Respiration > Flashcards

Chapter III: Energy, Chemical Reactions and Cellular Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

We need energy to: (6 things)

A
  • power muscle
  • pump blood
  • absorb nutrients
  • exchange respiratory gases
  • synthesize new molecules
  • establish cellular ion concentrations
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2
Q

Energy Def:

A

the capacity to do work

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3
Q

Potential energy def

A
  • stored energy (energy of position)
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4
Q

Kinetic energy def

A
  • energy of motion
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5
Q

What’s the type of gradient across the plasma membrane of the cell?

A

concentration gradient

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6
Q

Where is Na+ greater? (outside or inside the cell)

A

outside

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7
Q

In the concentration gradient where is potential energy transformed into kinetic energy

A

when sodium ion moves from area of high concenetration to an area of lesser concentration

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8
Q

What is it called when something moves from higher to lower concentrations?

A

diffusion

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9
Q

Chemical Energy Def:

A

energy stored in a molecule’s chemical bonds

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10
Q

What is chemical energy used for?

A

movement, molecule synthesis, establishing concentration gradients

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11
Q

Chemical energy is a form of what type of energy?

A

potential energy

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12
Q

Tryglycerides use chemical energy with ______

A

long term energy storage in adipose tissue

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13
Q

Glucose uses chemical energy with ____

A

glycogen stored in liver and muscle

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14
Q

ATP uses chemical energy with ___

A

storing in all cells

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15
Q

Protein uses chemical energy with _______-

A

can be used as a fuel molecule but has more important functions

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16
Q

Kinetic energy: Electric energy def

A

the movement of charged particles

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17
Q

Kinetic energy: mechanical energy def

A

exhibited by objects in motion

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18
Q

Kinetic energy: Sound energy def

A

molecule compression caused by a vibrating object

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19
Q

Kinetic energy: radiant energy def

A

energy of electromagnetic waves

20
Q

Forms of radiant energy with frequency high than visible light can what to the body?

A

penetrate the body and mutate DNA

21
Q

Heat def:

A

kinetic energy of random motion

22
Q

Thermodynamics:

A

study of energy transformation

23
Q

Energy not used is lost by what?

A

lost by heat

24
Q

First law of thermodynamics?

A

energy can neither be created nor destroyed; it can only change in form

25
Q

Second law of thermodynamics?

A

when energy is transformed, some energy is lost to heat

26
Q

Metabolism def:

A

all chemical reactions in the body

27
Q

When does Chemical REACTIONS occur?

A

when chemical bonds in existing molecular structures are broken

28
Q

The summary of chemical reactions are written as what?

A

chemical equation

29
Q

How are chemical reactions classified?

A

by changes in chemical structure, changes in chemical energy and whether the reaction is irreversible or reversible

30
Q

Catabolism def: (structure)

A

collective term for all decomposition reactions

31
Q

Anabolism def: (structure)

A

collective term for all synthesis reactions

32
Q

Decomposition reaction is what? (structure)

A

initial large molecule broken down into smaller structures

33
Q

Synthesis reaction is what? (structure)

A

two or more structures combines to form a larger structure

34
Q

Exergonic reactions? (chemical energy)

A

reactants with more energy within their chemical bonds than products (ex: decomp reactions)

35
Q

Endergonic reactions? (chemical energy)

A

reactans with less energy within their chemical bonds than products (ex: synthesis reactions)

36
Q

ATP cycling? (chemical energy)

A

the continuous formation and breakdown of ATP

37
Q

ATP energy is from what type of reactions?

A

exergonic reactions

38
Q

When ATP is oxidized what is the energy released used for?

A

energy requiring processes

39
Q

Reaction rate is:

A

measure of how quickly a chemical reaction takes place

40
Q

Activation energy is

A

energy required to break existing chemical bonds

41
Q

What is used in lab to break chemical bonds faster?

A

high temperature

42
Q

Enzymes are what?

A

catalysts that accelerate normal chemical activities

43
Q

A uncatalyzed reaction occurs if…

A

there is no enzyme present

44
Q

A catalyzed reaction occurs if

A

an enzyme is presnet

45
Q

The active site is where what bonds with what?

A

the substrate bonds with the enzyme

46
Q

When the substrate bonds with the enzyme it makes a ….

A

enzyme-substrate complez

47
Q

What is the specific of the active site and what does this do?

A

SHAPE
- permits only a singe substrate to bind
helps catalyze only one specific reaction

A&P 1 (8 decks)

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