A&P TEST 3 Flashcards
What does cellular respiration do?
it’s how cells make ATP
Overall is cellular respiration endergonic or exergonic?
exergonic
How is energy released during cellular respiration?
through potential energy in chemical bonds, when broken energy is released
The energy released is used to synthesize ATP which is what type of reaction? exergonic or endergonic?
- endergonic, energy requiring process
Is oxygen required for cellular respiration?
yes
What is the formula for glucose oxidation?
C6H12O2 + 6 O2 —> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O
In words, what is the formula for glucose oxidation?
glucose + oxygen yields carbon dioxide and water
Some of the energy of broken bonds captured to
attach what group to ADP
phosphate group
What are two ways that phosphorylation occurs?
substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation
What is substrate-level phosphorylation ?
direct synthesis of ATP
What is oxidative phosphorylation?
energy first released to coenzymes (e.g., NAD+, FAD)
• that energy then transferred to form ATP
What type of phosphorylation is more common?
oxidative phosphorylation
What type of enzyme does substrate- level phosphorylation use?
KINASE enzyme
Enzymes for glucose oxidation are found in both:
The cytosol, semifluid cell contents
– The mitochondria, small organelles within the cell
Stages of glucose oxidation:
Glycolysis, Citric acid cycle and electron transport system
Where do each of the stages of cellular respiration occur?
- glycolysis - cytosol
- Citric acid cycle in the matrix of the mitochondria
- ETS in the cristae of the mitochondria
Which stages are anaerobic vs aerobic?
anaerobic = glycolysis aerobic = CAC and ETS
What’s needed for glycolysis to occur?
1 glucose molecule
2 NAD + molecules
2 ATPs
What does glycolysis yield?
NET 2 ATps
2 NADHs
2 Pyruvate molecules
The pathway of glycolysis consists of how many enzymes?
10
If there is no oxygen available once pyruvate is made what happens? What if there is oxygen available?
If sufficient O2 available, pyruvate enters mitochondria
– If insufficient O2 available, pyruvate converted to lactate
What is lactate?
the thing that makes our muslces sore and that our heart likes
What is the second step of cellular respiration?
the citric acid cycle (also called the Kreb’s cycle)
What is required for the citric acid cycle to occur?
Acetyl CoA