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Chemistry 121 > Chapter Four: Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry > Flashcards

Chapter Four: Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry Flashcards

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1
Q

Homogenous mixtures of two or more pure substances

A

Solutions

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2
Q

The substance present in greatest abundance

A

Solvent

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3
Q

All other substances present in a mixture

A

Solutes

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4
Q

The process that occurs when an ionic compound dissolves in water, the solvent pulls the individual ions from the compound

A

Dissociation

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5
Q

A substance that dissociates into ions when dissolved in water

A

Electrolyte

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6
Q

This may dissolve in water, but it does not dissociate into ions while doing so

A

Nonelectrolyte

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7
Q

NaCl is a…

A

Strong Electrolyte

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8
Q

HF is a…

A

Weak Electrolyte

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9
Q

Sugar is a…

A

Nonelectrolyte

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10
Q

What are the three things that could be a Strong Electrolyte?

A
  1. Soluble Salts
  2. Strong Acids
  3. Strong Bases
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11
Q

What are the three things that are Weak Electrolytes?

A
  1. Slightly Soluble Salts
  2. Weak Acids
  3. Weak Bases
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12
Q

Dissociates completely in water HCl (aq) —> H+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)

A

Strong Electrolyte

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13
Q

Only partially dissociates in water. Its equations indicate a chemical equilibrium, where a reaction can go both forward and backward. C2H3O2H (aq) —> <— H+ (aq) + C2H3O2- (aq)

A

Weak Electrolyte

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14
Q

Ionic compounds in which the cation = H+, so: (H+)(X-)

A

Acids

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15
Q

What are the seven strong acids?

A
  1. Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)
  2. Hydrobromic Acid (HBr)
  3. Hydroiodic Acid (HI)
  4. Nitric Acid (HNO3)
  5. Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4)
  6. Chloric Acid (HCLO3)
  7. Perchloric Acid (HCLO4)
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16
Q

Substances that ionize in aqueous solution to form H+. Because H+ consists of only a proton, acids are often called “proton donors”

A

Acids

17
Q

Ionic compounds in which the anion = OH- so: (M+)(OH-)

A

Bases

18
Q

The strong bases are the soluble metal salts of hydroxide ion:

A

Group 1 - Alkaline Metals Group 2 - Starting at Ca and going down

19
Q

Substances that react with, or “accept”, H+ ions. They increase the concentration of OH- (hydroxide ion) when they are dissolved in pure water

A

Bases

20
Q

Do substances have to contain OH- to be a base?

A

No

21
Q

What is the only weak base that we will commonly encounter in 121 lab?

A

Ammonia (NH3)

22
Q

__________ are ionic compounds in which the cation is not H+ and the anion is not OH- so: (M+)(X-)

A

Salts

23
Q

A slightly soluble salt is also called…

A

Insoluble

24
Q

A salt is soluble if the cation is one of these 6:

A
  1. Li+
  2. Na+
  3. K+
  4. Rb+
  5. Cs+
  6. NH4+
25
Q

A salt is soluble if anion is one of these 8:

A
  1. NO3-
  2. C2H3O2
  3. ClO3-
  4. ClO4-
  5. Cl-
  6. Br-
  7. I-
  8. SO42-
26
Q

What are the exceptions for soluble anions of Cl-, Br-, and I-?

A

Ag+, Pb2+, Hg22+

27
Q

What are the exceptions for soluble anion SO42-?

A

Sr2+, Ba2+, PB2+, Hg22+

28
Q

The salt is insoluble is the anion is one of these 4:

A
  1. CO32-
  2. PO43-
  3. S2-
  4. OH-
29
Q

What are the exceptions to all 4 insoluble anions?

A

Alkali Metals and NH4+

30
Q

What are the exceptions for the insoluble anion of OH-?

A

Alkali Metals, NH4+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+

31
Q

Is Na2SO4 soluble or insoluble?

A

Soluble

32
Q

Is FePO4 soluble or insoluble?

A

Insoluble

33
Q

Is BaSO4 soluble or insoluble?

A

Insoluble

34
Q

Is Al(NO3)3 soluble or insoluble?

A

Soluble

35
Q

Double displacement reactions are also called…

A

Metathesis Reactions

36
Q

What are the three steps in predicting whether a ppt forms when strong electrolytes are mixed?

A
  1. look at the ions present in the reactants
  2. consider possible cation-anion combinations and the possible products
  3. determine if any of the potential product combinations are insoluble

Chemistry 121 (9 decks)

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