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Neuroscience > chapter five > Flashcards

chapter five Flashcards

1
Q

information transfer at the synapse

A

synaptic transmission

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2
Q

what kind of synapse transfers electrical charge (ions) across the synapse

A

electrical synapse

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3
Q

chemical transfer of information using neurotransmitters (majority of synapse in the brain) is what kind of synapse

A

chemical synapse

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4
Q

in electrical synapse cell are electrically ______

A

coupled

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5
Q

in electrical synapse cells flow from one cells _____ to another cells _____

A

cytoplasm x2

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6
Q

channel made of two connexons, common in non-neuronal cells

A

gap junction

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7
Q

postsynaptic potential is are almost ______ with presynaptic neurons excitation; making transmission _______

A

simultaneous; rapid

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8
Q

neurons/ nerves use what type of synaptic transmission

A

chemical

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9
Q

who proved chemical transmission and names acetylcholine (vagusstoff)

A

otto loewi

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10
Q

in a chemical synapse what is the presynaptic element

A

axon terminal

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11
Q

in a chemical synapse what is the postsynaptic element

A

dendrite

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12
Q

what contains neurotransmitters

A

synaptic vesicles

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13
Q

what contains neuropeptides

A

secretory granules

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14
Q

the presynaptic area contains what 2 things (important for efficient NT release)

A

active zones, voltage-gated calcium channels

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15
Q

NT release sites are called?

A

active zones

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16
Q

the postsynaptic area contains what

A

neurotransmitter receptors

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17
Q

postsynaptic _______ differs by chemical transmission type

A

appearance

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18
Q

(postsynaptic structure) excitatory postsynaptic or grays type I is ________

A

asymmetrical

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19
Q

(postsynaptic structure) inhibitory postsynaptic or grays type II is ________

A

symmetrical

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20
Q

synaptic arrangements are named for part of presynaptic cell where they begin which is, _______ and part for where they ____

A

axo for axon; end

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21
Q

the neuromuscular junction contains a ____ ____ ____ which is packed with receptors

A

motor end plate

22
Q

synthesized in the axon terminal

A

amino acids

23
Q

stored in synaptic vesicles for release

A

amines

24
Q

synthesized in soma, packaged into dense-core vesicles and trafficked to axon terminal for release

A

peptides

25
Q

synaptic vesicles are ______,
waiting for influx of calcium

A

docked

26
Q

vesicle membrane fuses with presynaptic plasma membrane, contents can access outside of the terminal, diffuse across synaptic cleft

A

exocytosis

27
Q

recovery of vesicle from the plasma membrane

A

endocytosis

28
Q

_______ _______ also release contents via exocytosis but much slower and not at active zones

A

secretory granules

29
Q

transmitter-gated ion channels are _____ receptors

A

fast

30
Q

channel opens in response to neurotransmitter

A

ionotropic

31
Q

caused by release of excitatory NT

A

excitatory postsynaptic potential

32
Q

glutamate is what type of neurotransmitter

A

excitatory

33
Q

An EPSP results in postsynaptic membrane ______ by entry of Na+ (or Ca2+)

A

depolarization

34
Q

what type of NT are GABA and glycine

A

inhibitory

35
Q

IPSP cause postsynaptic membrane _______ by entry of Cl-

A

hyper polarization

36
Q

slower, long-lasting transmission (type of receptor)

A

G protein

37
Q

channels work through “effector” proteins- the G proteins (requires energy)

A

metabotropic

38
Q

2 functions of G proteins

A

stimulate or inhibit channel opening; activate or inhibit second messenger effector enzymes

39
Q

reuptake of neurotransmitters from the presynaptic neuron, involves ______ protein

A

transporter

40
Q

where are autoreceptors located?

A

on the presynaptic neuron

41
Q

autoreceptors provide ______ signal to regulate ongoing neurotransmission

A

feedback

42
Q

number of NT molecules in one vesicle

A

quantum

43
Q

EPSP amplitude = size of response and is dependent on _____ of NT molecules released

A

number

44
Q

despite uniform action potential size, ______ can occur at vastly different amounts at the synapse

A

exocytosis

45
Q

adding together individual EPSP’s to produce significant depolarization

A

integration

46
Q

what are the dimensions of integration

A

space and time

47
Q

ESPS’s generated at same time in different spaces

A

spatial summation

48
Q

ESPSs generated at the same synapse in rapid succession (different times, same space)

A

temporal summation

49
Q

depolarization drops off exponentially with increasing distance travelled

A

leaky membrane

50
Q

in dendrites signals can move _____ and ____ from soma

A

away and toward

51
Q

inhibtory synapses release _____ ion

A

Cl-

52
Q

Cl- _____ depolarizations reaching soma to axon hillock, reduces membrane resistance
( called “shunt” )

A

inhibits

Neuroscience (11 decks)

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