Chapter Fifteen Flashcards
Hygiene
Keeping oneself clean and well groomed
Activities of Daily Living
Activities you do to prepare for the day: like bathing, washing and styling hair, brushing and flossing teeth, dressing, shaving
Maceration
Softened skin due to continuous exposure to moisture
Excoriation
Scrapes on the skin
Venous Return
Blood return from the extremities back to the heart
Mottling
Purplish blotching of the skin when circulation slows greatly
Types of Care:
-Self Care
-Assisted Care
-Total Care
Self Care
Patients who are able to perform ADLs without assistance. Most patients in hospitals or care facilities require at least some assistance
Assisted Care
Need some assistance with ADLs. This may mean needing help with hard to reach areas in bathing like back, feet, lower legs, in and out of tub or shower, or help getting care items.
Total Care
Patient is able to do very little or nothing for themselves
Bath Blanket
Large light-weight flannel blanket used during bath to prevent exposure
Types of Baths:
-Complete Bed Bath
-Complete Bed Bath w/ Commercial product
-Assisted or Help Bath
-Partial Bath
-Tub Bath
-Shower
-Therapeutic Bath
-Commercially-Prepared Bathing Product
Complete Bed Bath
PT unable to get out of bed, so bath is accomplished using basin of water at bedside. All parts of body are washed. Nurse does all care.
Complete Bed Bath w/ Commercial product
Bath using disposable wipes specifically for bathing. Wipes are warmed using microwave. Wipes are not reused on other parts of the body. Some PT complain product leave skin feeling sticky.
Assisted or Help Bath
Bath may be done in bed or with PT sitting up in chair. PT participates as much at they are able. If they become fatigued, SOB, or in pain, they nursing staff finished whatever the PT cannot reach or complete.
Partial Bath
Only selected areas of PT are bathed. This type of bath may be done when PT is in pain or nauseated to prevent moving them more than is comfortable. Usually, partial bath includes washing face, hands, axilla, bottom, and perineal area or parts of the patient that would cause odor if not washed.
Tub Bath
PT sits in tub of water that may or may not include whirlpool action. All of PT body is washed while they are in tub. It is difficult for some PT to bend enough to sit down in and get out of tub. Danger of slips and falls exist. Newer tubs have doors in the side that open for entry and exit making them less dangerous.
Shower
PT can sit on a bench or shower chair or stand under the spray of a shower. Possible to turn spray off while applying soap and turn back on to rinse. Make sure not to chill PT. Usually able to wash PT hair with little difficulty.
Therapeutic Bath
Tub bath given for a specific reason. May be whirlpool bath to remove infected or necrotic tissue from wounds. May involve having PT soak in the tub with meds added to water to sooth itching or skin disorders
Commercially-Prepared Bathing Product
Kit that contains disposable wipes that are heated in microwave. Disposable and prevents cross contamination.
Nursing Responsibilities During Bathing:
-Assess Skin for rashes, breaks in integrity, bruises, & lesions
-Complete Bathing in timely manner
-Intervening in ways to conserve PT energy
-Having PT put on robe to prevent need for towel
-Use bench in shower if PT unable to stand for long periods of time
-Use hair or bench in tub if PT cannot sit all the way down and easily get up
Grooming:
-Back Massage
-Oral Care
*Unconscious PT
*Conscious PT
*Denture Care
-Shaving
-Nail Care
-Hair Care
*Shampooing Hair
*Styling Hair
-Caring for Piercings
-Eye and Ear Care
*Contact Lenses
*Artificial Eyes
*Hearing Aids
Leukoplakia
White patches on tongue or oral mucosa that can be precancerous lesions
Special Mouth Care
Term used for oral care for PT whose conditions result in a need for more frequent care and who need assistance for this care
Lesions
Open areas
Tinea Capitus
Fungal infection that can affect any part of the body and can be spread from one person to another, can present as a round area of hair loss with a lesion.
Seborrhea
Overproduction of sebum. When this happens in infants, it is called cradle cap.
Lice
Tiny parasites
Nits
Clear bumps affixed tightly to the shaft of the hair, are the eggs of lice.
Ocular Prosthesis
Artificial Eye, custom made to fit in the eye socket and is hand painted with great detail to match the existing eye. This type of eye does not move.
