Ch 35/36

Question 1

Chemical Name

Answer 1

Name of exact ingredients of the medication

Question 2

Generic Name

Answer 2

Name assigned by the US Adopted Name Council
Based usually in part on the chemical name but shorthand.
Can be referred to as nonproprietary name.

Question 3

Brand Name

Answer 3

Trade Name
Usually shorter or easier to remember.
This name is owned by the pharmaceutical company.
One drug may have many brand names b/c it is sold by many companies.

Question 4

Prescription Medications

Answer 4

Available with a written direction from a health-care provider with prescriptive authority.

Question 5

Who can prescribe medications?

Answer 5

Physicians
Nurse Practitioners

(sometimes depending on state laws):
Physicians Assistants

Question 6

What is included on a prescription?

Answer 6

Patient and health-care provider’s ID info
Medication and Dose
Instructions to pharmacist
any special instructions
directions to patient

Question 7

OTC

Answer 7

Over the counter

Question 8

Over the counter medications

Answer 8

Available without a prescription, determined average person can take it safely without needing instructions from a provider

Question 9

Routes of administration

Answer 9

Oral
Sublingual
Mucosal
Topical
Parenteral

Question 10

Oral

Answer 10

Taken through mouth
Swallow or buccal placement

Question 11

Sublingual

Answer 11

Absorbed under tongue

Question 12

ODT

Answer 12

Orally Disintegrating Tablet

Question 13

Mucosal

Answer 13

Absorbed through mucosa like rectum, vagina, eye, ear, or inhaled into lung/bronchi

Question 14

Topical

Answer 14

Applied to skin
Creams, ointments, lotions, or transdermal

Question 15

Parenteral

Answer 15

Given under skin
includes:
all injections
-intradermal
-subcutaneous
-intramuscular
-intravenous

Question 16

Who regulates the manufacturing and sales of all medications?

Answer 16

The US Food and Drug Administration (The FDA)

Question 17

Desired Effect

Answer 17

The reason a medication is prescribed or the purpose that a medication is given.

Question 18

Side Effect

Answer 18

Unintended outcome takes place. It may not be unexpected.

Question 19

Adverse Effect

Answer 19

Unintended but more severe or harmful than a side effect. Often are unexpected at the normal medication dose.

Question 20

What classifications are used for controlled substances?

Answer 20

Schedules I-V
I is highly addictive and has no medical purpose (heroin, LSD, peyote)
II High potential for abuse but have medical use (oxy, methadone, amphetamines)
III has potential for abuse but less risk than I or II (low dose barbiturates, acetaminophen w/ codeine, anabolic steroids)
IV lower risk of abuse than above (CNS depressants, lorazepam, diazapam)
V lowest potential for abuse
(antidiarrheals (lomotil), meds with small meds with codeine and atropine)

Question 21

Enteral

Answer 21

Medications given through tube along digestive track (NG tube NJ tube etc)

Question 22

Severe Adverse Effects

Answer 22

Life threatening and require medical intervention to prevent permanent damage or death.

Question 23

Allergic Reaction

Answer 23

Happens when body reacts to medication as a foreign invader to be destroyed. Generally first time pt takes offending medication no reaction occurs.

Question 24

Therapeutic Level

Answer 24

The amount of medication in the blood needed to achieve the desired effects on the target organ or organs.

Question 25

Toxicity

Answer 25

Too much medication in the body.
If patient continues to take the medication, severe toxic effects such as multiple organ failure and even death can occur

Question 26

Rights of Medication Administration

Answer 26

Right Medication
Right Dose
Right Route
Right Patient
Right Indication
Right Date/Time
Right Documentation

Question 27

Safety Checks with Meds

Answer 27

Verify med, dose, route, patient, indication, date, time, as you remove the medication from the cart/bin/pyxis
Verify med, dose, route against the MAR before placing it in the med cup and returning the container to the drawer
Verify patient, med, indication, dose, route, at bedside before opening and administering to patient

Question 28

Sublingual Route

Answer 28

Under the tongue

Question 29

Buccal Route

Answer 29

Between the cheek and gum

Question 30

Oral Route

Answer 30

Medicine that is taken through the mouth or oral mucous membrane

Question 31

Tablets

Answer 31

Made of powdered ingredients compressed into various sizes and shapes. Most common form of oral medication and majority are designed to be swallowed.

Question 32

Enteric-coated tablets

Answer 32

Tablets that contain an outer coating that does not dissolve until the medication reaches the intestines. This coating protects the stomach from ingredients that may be irritating, thus preventing nausea, vomiting, or ulcer formation.
DO NOT CRUSH OR BREAK THESE

Question 33

Sustained-release Tablets

Answer 33

AKA:
Controlled Release
Delayed Release
Extended Release
Modified Release

Designed to slow the absorption of the drug. These are absorbed slowly over time for a continuous effect. DO NOT CRUSH OR BREAK THESE

Question 34

Oral Disintegrating Tablet

Answer 34

ODT
Dissolves on top of the tongue (put under it)
These can be used for patients that have dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)

Question 35

Capsule

Answer 35

Gelatin shell containing powder or pellets of medication. Can contain extended release pellets that dissolve over time for lasting medication effect.

Some can be opened and mixed with soft food (pudding, apple sauce, etc)