Ch 35/36 Flashcards
Chemical Name
Name of exact ingredients of the medication
Generic Name
Name assigned by the US Adopted Name Council
Based usually in part on the chemical name but shorthand.
Can be referred to as nonproprietary name.
Brand Name
Trade Name
Usually shorter or easier to remember.
This name is owned by the pharmaceutical company.
One drug may have many brand names b/c it is sold by many companies.
Prescription Medications
Available with a written direction from a health-care provider with prescriptive authority.
Who can prescribe medications?
Physicians
Nurse Practitioners
(sometimes depending on state laws):
Physicians Assistants
What is included on a prescription?
Patient and health-care provider’s ID info
Medication and Dose
Instructions to pharmacist
any special instructions
directions to patient
OTC
Over the counter
Over the counter medications
Available without a prescription, determined average person can take it safely without needing instructions from a provider
Routes of administration
Oral
Sublingual
Mucosal
Topical
Parenteral
Oral
Taken through mouth
Swallow or buccal placement
Sublingual
Absorbed under tongue
ODT
Orally Disintegrating Tablet
Mucosal
Absorbed through mucosa like rectum, vagina, eye, ear, or inhaled into lung/bronchi
Topical
Applied to skin
Creams, ointments, lotions, or transdermal
Parenteral
Given under skin
includes:
all injections
-intradermal
-subcutaneous
-intramuscular
-intravenous
Who regulates the manufacturing and sales of all medications?
The US Food and Drug Administration (The FDA)
Desired Effect
The reason a medication is prescribed or the purpose that a medication is given.
Side Effect
Unintended outcome takes place. It may not be unexpected.
Adverse Effect
Unintended but more severe or harmful than a side effect. Often are unexpected at the normal medication dose.
What classifications are used for controlled substances?
Schedules I-V
I is highly addictive and has no medical purpose (heroin, LSD, peyote)
II High potential for abuse but have medical use (oxy, methadone, amphetamines)
III has potential for abuse but less risk than I or II (low dose barbiturates, acetaminophen w/ codeine, anabolic steroids)
IV lower risk of abuse than above (CNS depressants, lorazepam, diazapam)
V lowest potential for abuse
(antidiarrheals (lomotil), meds with small meds with codeine and atropine)
Enteral
Medications given through tube along digestive track (NG tube NJ tube etc)
Severe Adverse Effects
Life threatening and require medical intervention to prevent permanent damage or death.
Allergic Reaction
Happens when body reacts to medication as a foreign invader to be destroyed. Generally first time pt takes offending medication no reaction occurs.
Therapeutic Level
The amount of medication in the blood needed to achieve the desired effects on the target organ or organs.
Toxicity
Too much medication in the body.
If patient continues to take the medication, severe toxic effects such as multiple organ failure and even death can occur
Rights of Medication Administration
Right Medication
Right Dose
Right Route
Right Patient
Right Indication
Right Date/Time
Right Documentation
Safety Checks with Meds
Verify med, dose, route, patient, indication, date, time, as you remove the medication from the cart/bin/pyxis
Verify med, dose, route against the MAR before placing it in the med cup and returning the container to the drawer
Verify patient, med, indication, dose, route, at bedside before opening and administering to patient
Sublingual Route
Under the tongue
Buccal Route
Between the cheek and gum
Oral Route
Medicine that is taken through the mouth or oral mucous membrane
Tablets
Made of powdered ingredients compressed into various sizes and shapes. Most common form of oral medication and majority are designed to be swallowed.
Enteric-coated tablets
Tablets that contain an outer coating that does not dissolve until the medication reaches the intestines. This coating protects the stomach from ingredients that may be irritating, thus preventing nausea, vomiting, or ulcer formation.
DO NOT CRUSH OR BREAK THESE
Sustained-release Tablets
AKA:
Controlled Release
Delayed Release
Extended Release
Modified Release
Designed to slow the absorption of the drug. These are absorbed slowly over time for a continuous effect. DO NOT CRUSH OR BREAK THESE
Oral Disintegrating Tablet
ODT
Dissolves on top of the tongue (put under it)
These can be used for patients that have dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)
Capsule
Gelatin shell containing powder or pellets of medication. Can contain extended release pellets that dissolve over time for lasting medication effect.
Some can be opened and mixed with soft food (pudding, apple sauce, etc)
