Ch 35/36 Flashcards

1
Q

Chemical Name

A

Name of exact ingredients of the medication

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2
Q

Generic Name

A

Name assigned by the US Adopted Name Council
Based usually in part on the chemical name but shorthand.
Can be referred to as nonproprietary name.

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3
Q

Brand Name

A

Trade Name
Usually shorter or easier to remember.
This name is owned by the pharmaceutical company.
One drug may have many brand names b/c it is sold by many companies.

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4
Q

Prescription Medications

A

Available with a written direction from a health-care provider with prescriptive authority.

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5
Q

Who can prescribe medications?

A

Physicians
Nurse Practitioners

(sometimes depending on state laws):
Physicians Assistants

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6
Q

What is included on a prescription?

A

Patient and health-care provider’s ID info
Medication and Dose
Instructions to pharmacist
any special instructions
directions to patient

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7
Q

OTC

A

Over the counter

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8
Q

Over the counter medications

A

Available without a prescription, determined average person can take it safely without needing instructions from a provider

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9
Q

Routes of administration

A

Oral
Sublingual
Mucosal
Topical
Parenteral

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10
Q

Oral

A

Taken through mouth
Swallow or buccal placement

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11
Q

Sublingual

A

Absorbed under tongue

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12
Q

ODT

A

Orally Disintegrating Tablet

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13
Q

Mucosal

A

Absorbed through mucosa like rectum, vagina, eye, ear, or inhaled into lung/bronchi

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14
Q

Topical

A

Applied to skin
Creams, ointments, lotions, or transdermal

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15
Q

Parenteral

A

Given under skin
includes:
all injections
-intradermal
-subcutaneous
-intramuscular
-intravenous

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16
Q

Who regulates the manufacturing and sales of all medications?

A

The US Food and Drug Administration (The FDA)

17
Q

Desired Effect

A

The reason a medication is prescribed or the purpose that a medication is given.

18
Q

Side Effect

A

Unintended outcome takes place. It may not be unexpected.

19
Q

Adverse Effect

A

Unintended but more severe or harmful than a side effect. Often are unexpected at the normal medication dose.

20
Q

What classifications are used for controlled substances?

A

Schedules I-V
I is highly addictive and has no medical purpose (heroin, LSD, peyote)
II High potential for abuse but have medical use (oxy, methadone, amphetamines)
III has potential for abuse but less risk than I or II (low dose barbiturates, acetaminophen w/ codeine, anabolic steroids)
IV lower risk of abuse than above (CNS depressants, lorazepam, diazapam)
V lowest potential for abuse
(antidiarrheals (lomotil), meds with small meds with codeine and atropine)

21
Q

Enteral

A

Medications given through tube along digestive track (NG tube NJ tube etc)

22
Q

Severe Adverse Effects

A

Life threatening and require medical intervention to prevent permanent damage or death.

23
Q

Allergic Reaction

A

Happens when body reacts to medication as a foreign invader to be destroyed. Generally first time pt takes offending medication no reaction occurs.

24
Q

Therapeutic Level

A

The amount of medication in the blood needed to achieve the desired effects on the target organ or organs.

25
Q

Toxicity

A

Too much medication in the body.
If patient continues to take the medication, severe toxic effects such as multiple organ failure and even death can occur

26
Q

Rights of Medication Administration

A

Right Medication
Right Dose
Right Route
Right Patient
Right Indication
Right Date/Time
Right Documentation

27
Q

Safety Checks with Meds

A

Verify med, dose, route, patient, indication, date, time, as you remove the medication from the cart/bin/pyxis
Verify med, dose, route against the MAR before placing it in the med cup and returning the container to the drawer
Verify patient, med, indication, dose, route, at bedside before opening and administering to patient

28
Q

Sublingual Route

A

Under the tongue

29
Q

Buccal Route

A

Between the cheek and gum

30
Q

Oral Route

A

Medicine that is taken through the mouth or oral mucous membrane

31
Q

Tablets

A

Made of powdered ingredients compressed into various sizes and shapes. Most common form of oral medication and majority are designed to be swallowed.

32
Q

Enteric-coated tablets

A

Tablets that contain an outer coating that does not dissolve until the medication reaches the intestines. This coating protects the stomach from ingredients that may be irritating, thus preventing nausea, vomiting, or ulcer formation.
DO NOT CRUSH OR BREAK THESE

33
Q

Sustained-release Tablets

A

AKA:
Controlled Release
Delayed Release
Extended Release
Modified Release

Designed to slow the absorption of the drug. These are absorbed slowly over time for a continuous effect. DO NOT CRUSH OR BREAK THESE

34
Q

Oral Disintegrating Tablet

A

ODT
Dissolves on top of the tongue (put under it)
These can be used for patients that have dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)

35
Q

Capsule

A

Gelatin shell containing powder or pellets of medication. Can contain extended release pellets that dissolve over time for lasting medication effect.

Some can be opened and mixed with soft food (pudding, apple sauce, etc)

36
Q
A