Chapter 16

Question 1

What are the potential effects of Immobility?

Answer 1

-Inability to meet own needs
-Depression
-Anxiety
-Hostility
-Fear

Question 2

What affect does immobility have on the musculoskeletal system?

Answer 2

Decreased muscle strength and muscle mass
shortening and tightening of connective tissue
calcium leaves the bones, resulting in weakness and brittleness

Question 3

Atrophy

Answer 3

for something to waste away

Question 4

Osteoporosis

Answer 4

Condition that occurs because of loss of bone minerals; leads to increased risk of skeletal fractures

Question 5

Foot Drop

Answer 5

Permanent plantar flexion

Question 6

Contractures

Answer 6

Shortening and tightening of the muscles because of disuse

Question 7

How does the nurse help prevent musculoskeletal complications?

Answer 7

Help maintain proper body alignment
Do range of motion exercises

Question 8

What is the difference between AROM and PROM?

Answer 8

Active Range of Motion
Passive Range of Motion

Question 9

What affect does immobility have on the cardiovascular system?

Answer 9

Decreased cardiac output
Pooling of blood in the extremities
Increased cardiac workload

Question 10

Orthostatic Hypotension

Answer 10

Postural Hypotension - decrease in blood pressure that occurs when a PT changes from reclining/flat position to upright (sitting/standing)

Question 11

Embolus/Emboli

Answer 11

Blood Clot that dislodges and enters circulation

Question 12

How does the nurse help prevent cardiovascular complications?

Answer 12

Encourage movement of extremities
Apply ordered devices to prevent pooling of blood in legs
Change PT position frequently
Remain with PT the first few times they get out of bed

Question 13

ROM

Answer 13

Range of motion exercises -
series of activities designed to move each joint through all of its natural actions

Question 14

Venous Stasis

Answer 14

pooling of blood in the veins of the lower legs

Question 15

DVT

Answer 15

Clot that develops in the deep veins of the legs

Question 16

Syncope

Answer 16

Fainting

Question 17

What affect does immobility have on the respiratory system

Answer 17

Decreased respiratory muscle strength and decreased lung expansion
Impaired oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange
Pooling of respiratory secretions

Question 18

Atelectasis

Answer 18

The collapse of lung tissue affecting part or all of a lung

Question 19

Hypoxemia

Answer 19

Lowered oxygen in the blood

Question 20

Hypostatic Pneumonia

Answer 20

Type of lung infection that occurs when a patient is immobile.
Secretions pool in the lungs and the warm dark moist environment is ideal for bacterial growth.

Question 21

How does the nurse help prevent respiratory system complications?

Answer 21

Turn PT side to side every 2 hours
Elevate the head of the bed45 degrees or more to promote lung expansion
Encourage cough and deep breathing exercises every hour awake
Encourage PT to use incentive spirometer

Question 22

What affect does immobility have on the gastrointestinal system?

Answer 22

Decreased peristalsis
Decreased appetite
Increased intestinal gas

Question 23

Constipation

Answer 23

Difficulty voiding bowels

Question 24

Flatulence

Answer 24

Passing gas

Question 25

Distension

Answer 25

Swelling

Question 26

How does the nurse help prevent gastrointestinal system complications?

Answer 26

Ambulate as soon as DR says okay Reposition every 2 hr on bedrest Place in sitting position to deficate on bedpan to allow gravity to assist Encourage fluid intake Give laxative if not BM in 3 days

Question 27

What affect does immobility have on the urinary system?

Answer 27

Pooling of urine in the renal pelvis Incomplete emptying of the bladder Increased calcium in the blood to be filtered by the kidneys

Question 28

Urinary Tract Infection

Answer 28

Infection in the urinary tract

Question 29

Renal Calculi (Nephrolithiasis)

Answer 29

kidney stones

Question 30

How does the nurse help prevent urinary system complications?

Answer 30

Provide fluids to prevent concentrated urine Assist PT sitting position for urination Assess PT output; should void at least once every 8 hours

Question 31

What affect does immobility have on the integumentary system?

Answer 31

Decreased oxygen and nutrients to tissues Skin and capillaries compressed between bed and bony proinences

Question 32

Pressure Injuries

Answer 32

Constant pressure to the same area of the body it prevents blood flow and the tissue dies. Can also be called skin breakdown or decubitus ulcer

Question 33

Shearing

Answer 33

Occurs when skin layer is pulled across muscle and bone in one direction while the skin slides over another surface in an opposite direction

Question 34

How does the nurse help prevent integumentary system injuries?

Answer 34

Provide adequate nutrition Reposition every 2 hours Inspect bony prominences for redness at least every 2 hours Use mild soaps to clean skin Apply lotion to dry skin after bathing

Question 35

What affect does immobility have on the neurological system?

Answer 35

Decreased oxygenated blood circulating to nerves trapped between the bed and bone Decrease in normal cues and activities Decreased balance when initially out of bed

Question 36

Compression Neuropathy

Answer 36

Impaired nerve function

Question 37

Decreased level of consciousness

Question 38

Confusion