CHAPTER EIGHT: ALTRUISM Flashcards
1
Q
altruism
A
concern about helping others; motivated to help without self-interest
2
Q
social exchange theory
A
- the theory that human interactions are transactions that aim to maximize one’s rewards and minimize one’s costs
- rewards can be external or internal
- egoism: idea that self-interest motivates all behaviour
3
Q
social exchange
A
- feel bad, do good: when one’s attention is on others, altruism is rewarding
- feel good, do good: happy people are helpful people
4
Q
the reciprocity norm
A
- an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them
- helps define the “social capital”
5
Q
the social-responsibility norm
A
- an expectation that people will help those dependent on them
- responses are closely tied to attributions
- women tend to receive/ask for more help
6
Q
evolutionary psychology
A
kin-protection: idea that evolution has selected altruism toward one’s close relatives to enhance survival of mutually shared genes
- reciprocity: helping because of the expectation of help back; stronger in small, isolated groups
- group selection: involves perception of “your” group
7
Q
bystander effect
A
- the finding that a person is less likely to provide help when there are other bystanders
- noticing: did you notice the incident?
- interpreting: how do you interpret the incident? emergency?
- assuming responsibility: am i responsible to help?
8
Q
when will we help?
A
- when someone else does
- time pressures
- similarity
- number of bystanders
9
Q
who helps?
A
- personality: predisposing traits (emotionality, empathy, self-efficacy), influences how particular people react to particular situations (ie. high self-monitoring people when they think helpfulness will be socially rewarding)
gender: females tend to help more in safe environments, females tend to help more if its someone they know
10
Q
how can we increase helping?
A
- undo restraints on helping: reduce ambiguity and increase responsibility, enable guilt and concern for self-image
- socialize altruism: teach moral inclusion, model altruism, attribute helping behaviour to altruism, learn about altruism)
