Chapter 9.3 - Exercising Metabolism

Question 1

General Metabolism (5)

Answer 1

• Occurs in an isolated mitochondria
• Succinate is synthesized through complex 2. During the process, electrons are giving to FADH2, then FADH is donated to Q (coenzyme).
• No ATP is produced until ADP is added.
• The proton gradient drops because it is being used to drive ATP Synthesis. (It depends on ATP synthesis)
• Uncouplers cause an increase in O2 consummation and increases in the ETC to try and compensate for the reduced proton gradient (respiration control)

Question 2

Bat Cells

Answer 2

Fat cells that specialize in heat production due to the production of a natural uncoupler, known as thermogenin (UCPI). They are not often found in adult humans, but newborns and animals that hibernate.

Question 3

Fermentation (2)

Answer 3

Production of ethanol (or lactic acid) regenerates NAD+ (oxidized) to allow glycolysis to continue.

• This occurs in the absence of O2.
• diagrams*

Question 4

Energy Systems for Exercise (4)

Answer 4

1. Phosphocreatine System
2. Lactate System
3. Aerobic Respiration
4. Phosphorylation

Question 5

Phosphocreatine System diagram

Answer 5

• fast, short duration (mere seconds)
• No O2 required
• Activated as soon as cellular ATP levels decline

Question 6

Lactate System diagram

Answer 6

• second fastest, short duration (minutes)
• No O2 required
• Glycogen breakdown to glucose, conversion to pyruvate via glycolysis and production of lactate

Question 7

Glycogen

Answer 7

Cellular storage reserve

Question 8

Aerobic System diagram

Answer 8

• relies on oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria for ATP production
• Slower, long duration (minutes-hours)
• O2 required
• Flexible: many different molecules can be oxidized for energy. ex: glucose, lactate, fatty acids, proteins etc.