Chapter 6.2-6.5 - A Tour Of The Cell

Question 1

The Cell

Answer 1

The basic structural and functional units of every organism

Question 2

Shared basic features in all cells (4)

Answer 2

1. All bounded by a selective barrier called the plasma membrane
2. Filled with jelly substance cytosol
3. All contain chromosomes that carry genes in the form of DNA
4. All cells have ribosomes that make proteins according to gene instructions

Question 3

Eukaryotes vs. Prokaryotes

Answer 3

Eukaryotes are bigger, have a nucleus and contain organelles

Prokaryotes have no nucleus and are much simpler in internal function. Since they lack a nucleus, their DNA is stored in a non-membrane enclosed nucleoid. Not soup-like.

Question 4

Homeostasis

Answer 4

Maintaining ideal acidity levels, pH levels, temperature etc.

Question 5

Catabolic Reactions

Answer 5

Breaks down nutrients to build cell structure

Question 6

Anabolic Reaction

Answer 6

Responsible for creating other molecules that catabolism breaks down.

Question 7

Plasma Membrane

Answer 7

At the boundary of every cell. Allows passage of enough nutrients and waste to service cell

Question 8

Mitochondrion

Answer 8

A eukaryotic organelle that serves as the site of cellular respiration; it uses oxygen to break down organic molecules and synthesize ATP

Question 9

Chloroplast

Answer 9

Eukaryotic organelles (mainly plant cells) that conduct photosynthesis

Question 10

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 10

An extensive membranous network in eukaryotic cells. Composed of ribosome -studded (rough) and ribosome-free (smooth) regions

Question 11

Ribosome

Answer 11

A complex molecular machine found in all cells that serves as the site of protein synthesis. They link amino acids together in orders specified by messenger RNA molecules

Question 12

Gap Junctions

Answer 12

Channels between cells for transport of small molecules back and forth

Question 13

Chromosomes

Answer 13

Structures that carry genetic information

Question 14

Chromatin

Answer 14

Makes up chromosomes

Question 15

Smooth ER

Answer 15

Synthesis of lipids, metabolism of carbohydrates, detoxification of drugs and poison, and storage of calcium ions.

Question 16

Rough ER

Answer 16

Makes membrane phospholipids; enzymes in ER membrane assemble phospholipids from precursors in the cytosol

Question 17

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 17

Organelle in eukaryote cells that modifies, sorts, ships and even manufactures products of the ER.

Question 18

Glycoproteins

Answer 18

Proteins with carbohydrates covalently bonded to them.

Question 19

Cis

Answer 19

On the same side

Question 20

Trans

Answer 20

On the opposite side

Question 21

Lysosomes

Answer 21

Eukaryotic membrane-enclosed sac of hydrolytic enzymes

Question 22

Phagocytosis

Answer 22

How eukaryotes eat: engulfing smaller organisms

Question 23

Vacuole

Answer 23

Large vesicles derived from the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus

Question 24

Nuclear Lamina

Answer 24

A netlike array of protein filaments that lines the inner surface of the nuclear envelope and helps maintain the shape of the nucleus

Question 25

Cell Walls

Answer 25

Prokaryotes and some Eukaryotes. Plant cells have them, animals don’t. They’re made of cellulose

Question 26

Cellulose

Answer 26

Structural polysaccharide of plant cell walls consisting of glucose monomers

Question 27

Adjacent Cells

Answer 27

Can communicate via. Sites of physical contact in multicellular eukaryotes