Chapter 9.1 - Glycolysis Flashcards
Glycolysis
Glucose splits into 3 carbon sugars, which are oxidized and their remaining atoms rearranged to form two molecules of pyruvate.
Investment Phase
Spends energy (2ATP)
Payoff Phase
ATP is produced by substrate level phosphorylation and NAD+ is reduced to NADH by electrons released from the oxidation of glucose.
Net Energy Yield of Glycolysis
- 2 ATP
- 2 NADH
- 2 Pyruvate
Is glycolysis anaerobic or aerobic?
Either: it will occur whether or not O2 is present
If O2 is present in Glycolysis, what is possible?
The TCA Cycle can function and the chemical energy stored in pyruvate and NADH can be extracted.
Where does glycolysis occur?
In the cytoplasm
Unstable ATP is hydrolisized into what?
ADP + Pi (more stable)
ATP/ADP Structure
Adenine, 5C sugars and 3 Pi
Why is ATP considered high energy?
- PO43 is very negative
- Cleave one P
- Releases a lot of energy since the negative forces repel
NADH/NAD+ is an
Electron carrier
Glycolysis is what kind of phosphorylation?
Substrate level
Pyruvate is oxidized into:
Acetate + CoA (enzyme lost CO2)
What’s the first thing in the TCA Cycle?
The acetyl CoA from pyruvate
Is the TCA Cycle aerobic or anaerobic?
Aerobic: oxygen is present
Where does the TCA Cycle occur? How does pyruvate get there?
- Cytosol of the Mitochondria
- Pyruvate gets there via active transport (since it’s charged) with the help of a transport protein
Products of TCA Cycle
- a LOT of NADH
- a little FADH2
- NOT a lot of energy, but carries lots of electrons
What is lost from pyruvate to acetyl CoA?
CO2 is lost from breaking pyruvate’s carboxyl group, as well as NADH and H+
The reaction of acetyl CoA to yield lower energy products is
Exergonic
What kind of phosphorylation is the TCA Cycle
Substrate level
What are the products of TCA from 2 pyruvate (1 glucose)?
- 8 NADH
- 2 FADH2
- 2 ATP
- 3 CO2
