Chapter 12.1 - Stem Cells Flashcards
1
Q
Stem Cells (4)
A
- Have the ability to renew themselves for long periods of time, and escape the Hayflick limit (long-term, self-renewed)
- Stem Cells are unspecialized, undifferentiated cells
- They can be induced to differentiate into cells with a specialized function
- There is no limit on replication of stem cells
2
Q
3 Types of Stem Cells
A
- Embryonic Stem Cells
- Adult (Somatic Stem Cells)
- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
3
Q
Hierarchy of Stem Cells
A
- Totipotent: can give rise to embryo/placental cells plus any other in the body
- Pluripotent: Can give rise to any cell in the body
- Multipotent
4
Q
Embryonic Stem Cells (3)
A
- Cells from a 5-day pre-implantation stage embryo
- They come from inner cells of the blastocyst
- They are PLURIPOTENT, meaning that they can develop into any cell within the body
5
Q
Adult Stem Cells (3)
A
- Rare cells located in various tissues that have constant turnover
- They are MULTIPOTENT, meaning that they can develop into many cells within the body but not all
- Skeletal Muscle Adult Stem Cells also exist
6
Q
Skeletal Muscle Adult Stem Cells (Satellite Cells) DIAGRAM
A
- Skeletal Division: produces another stem cell (self-renewal)
- Asymmetrical Division: Produce a stem cell and precursor cell (differentiation)
7
Q
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (3) DIAGRAM
A
- Adult, differentiated cells that have been reprogrammed to a stem cell. First done on mice in 2007
- De-differentiation induced by infecting skin cells with a retrovirus containing stem cell master regulatory genes
- Forces cells to express genes required for stem cell maintenance
8
Q
Uses for Stem Cell Technology in Human Health (2)
A
- Research
- Differentiate stem cells into the cell type you wish to study
- Drug screening - Treatment
- Stem cell therapies
- The regenerative and repair functions of stem cells make them have enormous potential for treating diseases. Still many risks tho
9
Q
Read Chapter 20:) Like, please. It’s for your own good.
A
Okay:)
