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Science Year 9 > Chapter 9 Waves > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

Wave

A

transmitter of energy without the movement of particles from place to place. The vibration of particles or energy fields is involved.

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2
Q

Transverse Wave

A

wave involving the vibration of particles perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer

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3
Q

Compression Wave / Longitudial Waves

A

wave involving the vibration of particles in the same direction as energy transfer

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4
Q

Medium

A

material through which a wave moves

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5
Q

Vibrations

A

repeated fast back-and-forth movements

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6
Q

Compression

A

region in which the particles are closer than when not disturbed by a wave

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7
Q

Rarefaction

A

region in which the particles are further apart than when not disturbed by a wave

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8
Q

Frequency

A

number of vibrations in one second, or the number of wavelengths passing in one second

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9
Q

Hertz

A

unit of frequency; its abbreviation is Hz. One hertz is equal to one vibration every second.

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10
Q

pITCH

A

Highness or lowness of a sound. The pitch that you hear depends on the frequency of the vibrating air.

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11
Q

Wavelength

A

distance between two neighbouring crests or troughs of a wave. This is the distance between two particles vibrating in step.

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12
Q

Amplitude

A

maximum distance that a particle moves away from its undisturbed position

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13
Q

Sonar

A

use of reflected sound waves to locate objects under water (sound navigation and ranging)

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14
Q

Echolocation

A

Use of sound to locate objects by detecting echoes

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15
Q

Ultrasound

A

sound with frequencies too high for humans to hear

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16
Q

Ear Canal

A

the tube that leads from the outside of the ear to the eardrum

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17
Q

Eardrum

A

a thin piece of stretched skin inside the ear that vibrates when sound waves reach it

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18
Q

Membrane

A

a thin layer of tissue

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19
Q

Auricle

A

the fleshy outside part of the ear

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20
Q

Cochlea

A

the snail-shaped part of the inner ear. It is lined with tiny hairs that are vibrated by sound and stimulate the hearing receptors.

21
Q

Semicircular Canals

A

three curved tubes, filled with fluid, in the inner ear that control your sense of balance

22
Q

Auditory Nerve

A

a large nerve that sends signals to the brain from the hearing receptors in the cochlea

23
Q

Ossicles

A

a set of three tiny bones that send vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear. They also make the vibrations larger.

24
Q

Oval Window

A

an egg-shaped hole covered with a thin tissue. It is the entrance from the middle ear to the outer ear.

25
Q

Relative Intensity

A

a measure of how loud a sound is using a sound meter

26
Q

Sound Level

A

the energy of sound that is an indication of the loudness of a sound

27
Q

Decible

A

a unit of measurement of relative sound intensity

28
Q

Threshold of Hearing

A

the lowest level of sound that can be heard by the human ear

29
Q

Threshold of Pain

A

the lowest level of sound that causes pain to the human ear

30
Q

Electromagnetic Spectrum

A

complete range of wavelengths of energy radiated as electric and magnetic fields

31
Q

Radio Waves

A

low energy electromagnetic waves with a much lower frequency and longer wavelength than visible light

32
Q

Infa-Red Radiation

A

nvisible radiation emitted by all warm objects. You feel infra-red radiation as heat.

33
Q

Visible Light

A

very small part of the electromagnetic spectrum to which our eyes are sensitive

34
Q

Ultraviolet Radiation

A

invisible radiation similar to light but with a slightly higher frequency and more energy

35
Q

Xray

A

high-energy electromagnetic waves that can be transmitted through solids and provide information about their structure

36
Q

Gamma Rays

A

high-energy electromagnetic radiation produced during nuclear reactions. They have no mass and travel at the speed of light.

37
Q

Electromagnetic Waves

A

electromagnetic energy that is transmitted as moving electric and magnetic fields. There are many different types of electromagnetic energy, e.g. light, microwaves, radio waves.

38
Q

Ray

A

narrow beams of light

39
Q

Beam

A

wide stream of light rays, all moving in the same direction

40
Q

Reflection

A

bouncing off the surface of a substance

41
Q

Luminous

A

releasing its own light

42
Q

Scattering

A

describes light sent in many directions by small particles within a substance

43
Q

Transparent

A

describes a substance that allows most light to pass through it. Objects can be seen clearly through transparent substances.

44
Q

Translucent

A

allowing light to come through imperfectly, as in frosted glass

45
Q

Opaque

A

describes a substance that does not allow any light to pass through it

46
Q

Lateral Inversion

A

reversed sideways

47
Q

Refraction

A

change in the speed of light as it passes from one substance into another. It usually involves a change in direction.

48
Q

Normal

A

a line drawn perpendicular to a surface at the point where a light ray meets it

49
Q

Photons

A

a particle such as a quantum of light or electromagnetism

Science Year 9 (10 decks)

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