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Science Year 9 > Chapter 2-Control And Coordination > Flashcards

Chapter 2-Control And Coordination Flashcards

1
Q

Homeostasis

A

the maintenance of a relatively constant internal physiological environment of the body or part of the body (e.g. blood glucose level, pH, body temperature) in varying external conditions

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2
Q

Stimulus-response Model

A

a system in which any changes or variations (stimuli) in the internal environment are detected (by receptors); if a response is required, this is communicated to effectors to bring about some type of change or correction so the conditions can be brought back to normal

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3
Q

Glucose

A

a simple carbohydrate and the simplest form of sugar

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4
Q

Pancreas

A

a large gland in the body that produces and secretes the hormone insulin and an important digestive fluid containing enzymes

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5
Q

Insulin

A

hormone that removes glucose from the blood and stores it as glycogen in the liver and muscles

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6
Q

Glycogen

A

the main storage carbohydrate in animals, converted from glucose by the liver and stored in the liver and muscle tissue

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7
Q

Nervous System

A

the system of nerves and nerve centres in an animal in which messages are sent as an electrical and then a chemical impulse. It comprises the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.

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8
Q

Endocrine System

A

the body system of glands that produce and secrete hormones into the bloodstream in order to regulate processes in various organs

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9
Q

Signalling Molecules

A

a chemical involved in transmitting information between cells

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10
Q

Central Nervous system

A

The part of the nervous system composed of the brain and spinal cord

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11
Q

Sensory Nerons

A

a nerve cell in the sense organs. It detects change in the environment and sends a message to the central nervous system.

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12
Q

Motor Neurons

A

the nerve cell that causes an organ, such as a muscle or gland, to respond to a stimulus

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13
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

chemical released from the axon terminals into the synapse between your nerve cells (neurons) during a nerve impulse

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14
Q

Endocrine Glands

A

organs that produce hormones. Endocrine glands release their hormones into the bloodstream for transport to target organs.

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15
Q

Hormones

A

chemical substances produced by glands and circulated in the blood. Hormones have specific effects in the body.

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16
Q

Thermoregalation

A

the control of body temperature

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17
Q

Thermostat

A

a device that establishes and maintains a desired temperature automatically

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18
Q

Positive Feed back system

A

When the body initiates or does something and receives a positive response so it keeps doing it

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19
Q

Negative Feedback System

A

When the body initiates or does something and it receives a negative response so it stops

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20
Q

Multi Cellular Organism

A

an organism that is composed of many cells. Most plants and animals are multicellular.

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21
Q

Homeostasis

A

the maintenance of a relatively constant internal physiological environment of the body or part of the body (e.g. blood glucose level, pH, body temperature) in varying external conditions

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22
Q

Stimulus-response Model

A

a system in which any changes or variations (stimuli) in the internal environment are detected (by receptors); if a response is required, this is communicated to effectors to bring about some type of change or correction so the conditions can be brought back to normal

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23
Q

Glucose

A

a simple carbohydrate and the simplest form of sugar

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24
Q

Pancreas

A

a large gland in the body that produces and secretes the hormone insulin and an important digestive fluid containing enzymes

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25
Insulin
hormone that removes glucose from the blood and stores it as glycogen in the liver and muscles
26
Glycogen
the main storage carbohydrate in animals, converted from glucose by the liver and stored in the liver and muscle tissue
27
Nervous System
the system of nerves and nerve centres in an animal in which messages are sent as an electrical and then a chemical impulse. It comprises the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.
28
Endocrine System
the body system of glands that produce and secrete hormones into the bloodstream in order to regulate processes in various organs
29
Signalling Molecules
a chemical involved in transmitting information between cells
30
Central Nervous system
The part of the nervous system composed of the brain and spinal cord
31
Sensory Nerons
a nerve cell in the sense organs. It detects change in the environment and sends a message to the central nervous system.
32
Motor Neurons
the nerve cell that causes an organ, such as a muscle or gland, to respond to a stimulus
33
Neurotransmitters
chemical released from the axon terminals into the synapse between your nerve cells (neurons) during a nerve impulse
34
Endocrine Glands
organs that produce hormones. Endocrine glands release their hormones into the bloodstream for transport to target organs.
35
Hormones
chemical substances produced by glands and circulated in the blood. Hormones have specific effects in the body.
36
Thermoregalation
the control of body temperature
37
Thermostat
a device that establishes and maintains a desired temperature automatically
38
Positive Feed back system
When the body initiates or does something and receives a positive response so it keeps doing it
39
Negative Feedback System
When the body initiates or does something and it receives a negative response so it stops
40
Multi Cellular Organism
an organism that is composed of many cells. Most plants and animals are multicellular.
41
Central Nervous System
the part of the nervous system composed of the brain and spinal cord
42
Peripheral Nervous System
made up of sensory and motor neurons. It connects the central nervous system to the rest of the body, and detects and responds to change.
43
Neuron
Nervous System
44
Nerves
bundle of neurons
45
Sensory Neurons
nerve cell in the sense organs. It detects change in the environment and sends a message to the central nervous system.
46
Sense Organs
a specialised structure that detects stimuli (such as light, sound, touch, taste and smell) in your environment
47
Stimuli
changes in the environment that can be detected and responded to
48
Thermo Receptors
special cells located in your skin, part of your brain and body core that are sensitive to temperature
49
Mechano Receptors
special cells within the skin, inner ear and skeletal muscles that are sensitive to touch, pressure and motion, enabling you to balance, hear and sense pressure and movement
50
Chemoreceptors
special cells within a sense organ (especially the nose and tastebuds) that are sensitive to particular chemicals, giving you the sensations of smell and taste
51
Photoreceptors
a receptor cell located in your eye that is stimulated by light, converting it to electrical energy that is sent to the brain, giving you the sensation of light
52
Pain Receptors
special cells located throughout the body (except the brain) that send nerve signals to the brain and spinal cord in the presence of damaged or potentially damaged cells, resulting in the sensation of pain
53
Hot Thermoreceptors
a type of receptor in your skin that can detect an increase in skin temperature above 37.5°C (normal body temperature)
54
Cold Thermoreceptors
a type of receptor in your skin that can detect a decrease in skin temperature below 35.8 °C
55
Olfactory Nerve
nerve that sends signals to the brain from the chemoreceptors in the nose
56
Pupil
a hole through which light enters the eye
57
Iris
coloured part of the eye that opens and closes the pupil to control the amount of light that enters the eye
58
Reflex action
a quick response to a stimulus. Reflex actions do not involve thought.
59
Cornea
the curved, clear outer covering of your eye
60
Lens
a transparent curved object that bends light towards or away from a point called the focus. The eye has a jelly-like lens.
61
Retina
curved surface at the back of the eye. It is lined with sight receptors.
62
Short Sightedness
the condition of not being able to see clearly things that are far away
63
long Sightedness
the condition of not being able to see clearly things that are close
64
Optic Nerve
large nerve that sends signals to the brain from the sight receptors in the retina
65
Colour Blindness
an inherited condition, more common in males, in which a deficiency of one or more of the different types of cones may mean that you find it difficult to see a particular colour or combinations of colours
66
Rods
sensory receptors in the retina that respond to low levels of light and allow you to see in black and white in dim light
67
Cones
ina.

Science Year 9 (10 decks)

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