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Science Year 9 > Chapter 8-Dynamic Earth > Flashcards

Chapter 8-Dynamic Earth Flashcards

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1
Q

Continental drift

A

movement of the plates of the Earth’s crust in relation to each other

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2
Q

Pangaea

A

a super-continent that existed about 225 million years ago. All of the landmasses that existed at this time were joined together to form this super-continent.

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3
Q

Panthalassa

A

the vast sea surrounding the supercontinent of Pangaea

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4
Q

Plate tectonics

A

the theory concerning the movement of the continental plates

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5
Q

Mantle

A

Thick layer inside the Earth, below the crust. Most of the mantle is solid rock, although the upper part is molten rock called magma

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6
Q

Convection Current

A

circular movement that occurs when warmer, less dense fluid particles rise and cooler, denser fluid particles sink

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7
Q

Continental Crust

A

the plates of the Earth’s crust that make up the land

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8
Q

Oceanic Crust

A

one of the types of crust that makes up the Earth’s outer layer. Oceanic crust is thinner than continental crust and made up of dense, heavy rocks such as basalt.

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9
Q

Subduction

A

process in which two tectonic plates push against each other, and oceanic crust sinks below the less dense continental crust

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10
Q

Destructive Plate Boundry

A

a convergent boundary where two plates collide

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11
Q

Constructive plate

A

plate that creates new land from cooling magma

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12
Q

Seismic Waves

A

Seismic waves: waves of energy that travel through the Earth’s crust, caused by earthquakes

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13
Q

Ocean Ridges

A

an area where the tectonic plates move apart, allowing magma from the mantle to rise, forming underwater volcanoes and creating new oceanic crust as it is cooled and solidified by sea water

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14
Q

Laurasia

A

one of the two smaller continents created when the supercontinent Pangaea broke apart about 200 million years ago

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15
Q

Gondwanaland

A

One of the two smaller continents created when the supercontinent Pangaea broke apart about 200 million years ago

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16
Q

Hotspots

A

a localised place where an activity occurs

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17
Q

Folding

A

buckling of rocks caused when rocks are under pressure from both sides

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18
Q

Anticlines

A

Folds that bend upwards

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19
Q

Synclines

A

folds that bend downwards

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20
Q

Fault

A

a break in a rock structure causing a sliding movement of the rocks along the break

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21
Q

Rift valleys

A

a sunken area where two blocks of crust have dropped down between faults

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22
Q

Horst

A

a block of the Earth’s crust, with faults on either side, that has been pushed upwards by the forces below

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23
Q

Slip fault

A

a geological feature where movement along a fault is sideways—that is, where the blocks of crust slip horizontally past each other

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24
Q

Tremors

A

vibration on the Earth’s surface caused by an earthquake

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25
Q

Epicentre

A

the point on the Earth’s centre directly above the site where an earthquake originates

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26
Q

Focus

A

the point at which an earthquake begins

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27
Q

Triangulation

A

finding a location by using at least three different sources of detection

28
Q

Seismograph

A

an instrument used to detect and measure the intensity of an earthquake

29
Q

Richter Scale

A

a scale that measures the amount of energy released during an earthquake

30
Q

P-Waves/ Primary Waves

A

compression waves that move through the Earth in the same way that sound waves move through air

31
Q

Secondary waves/ S-waves

A

the second set of waves to be detected after P-waves. During seismic activity, secondary waves or S-waves travel in the form of transverse waves.

32
Q

Body Waves

A

waves that travel through the interior of the Earth; P-waves and S-waves are said to be body waves

33
Q

Seismologists

A

a scientist who studies earthquakes

34
Q

Tsunami

A

a powerful ocean wave triggered by an undersea earth movement

35
Q

Ocean Ridges

A

an area where the tectonic plates move apart, allowing magma from the mantle to rise, forming underwater volcanoes and creating new oceanic crust as it is cooled and solidified by sea water

36
Q

Laurasia

A

one of the two smaller continents created when the supercontinent Pangaea broke apart about 200 million years ago

37
Q

Gondwanaland

A

One of the two smaller continents created when the supercontinent Pangaea broke apart about 200 million years ago

38
Q

Hotspots

A

a localised place where an activity occurs

39
Q

Folding

A

buckling of rocks caused when rocks are under pressure from both sides

40
Q

Anticlines

A

Folds that bend upwards

41
Q

Synclines

A

folds that bend downwards

42
Q

Fault

A

a break in a rock structure causing a sliding movement of the rocks along the break

43
Q

Rift valleys

A

a sunken area where two blocks of crust have dropped down between faults

44
Q

Horst

A

a block of the Earth’s crust, with faults on either side, that has been pushed upwards by the forces below

45
Q

Slip fault

A

a geological feature where movement along a fault is sideways—that is, where the blocks of crust slip horizontally past each other

46
Q

Tremors

A

vibration on the Earth’s surface caused by an earthquake

47
Q

Epicentre

A

the point on the Earth’s centre directly above the site where an earthquake originates

48
Q

Focus

A

the point at which an earthquake begins

49
Q

Triangulation

A

finding a location by using at least three different sources of detection

50
Q

Seismograph

A

an instrument used to detect and measure the intensity of an earthquake

51
Q

Richter Scale

A

a scale that measures the amount of energy released during an earthquake

52
Q

P-Waves/ Primary Waves

A

compression waves that move through the Earth in the same way that sound waves move through air

53
Q

Secondary waves/ S-waves

A

the second set of waves to be detected after P-waves. During seismic activity, secondary waves or S-waves travel in the form of transverse waves.

54
Q

Body Waves

A

waves that travel through the interior of the Earth; P-waves and S-waves are said to be body waves

55
Q

Seismologists

A

a scientist who studies earthquakes

56
Q

Tsunami

A

a powerful ocean wave triggered by an undersea earth movement

57
Q

Volcanoe

A

natural opening in the Earth’s crust connected to areas of molten rock deep inside the crust

58
Q

Magma

A

a very hot mixture of molten rock and gases, just below the Earth’s surface, that has come from the mantle

59
Q

Volcanic/Lava Bomb

A

large rock fragment that is blown out of erupting volcanoes; also known as a lava bomb

60
Q

Magma

A

a very hot mixture of molten rock and gases, just below the Earth’s surface, that has come from the mantle

61
Q

Magma

A

a very hot mixture of molten rock and gases, just below the Earth’s surface, that has come from the mantle

62
Q

Lava

A

mixture of molten rock and gases that has reached the Earth’s surface from a volcano

63
Q

Lava

A

mixture of molten rock and gases that has reached the Earth’s surface from a volcano

64
Q

Active

A

describes a volcano that is erupting or has recently erupted

65
Q

Extinct

A

describes a volcano that has not erupted for thousands of years and is effectively dead

66
Q

Dormant

A

describes a volcano that has not erupted for more than 20 years but is not considered extinct

Science Year 9 (10 decks)

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