Chapter 5-Systems

Question 1

Organism

Answer 1

Any living thing

Question 2

Species

Answer 2

a group of living organisms capable of interbreeding with each other but not with members of other species

Question 3

Population

Answer 3

a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area at a particular time

Question 4

Community

Answer 4

more than one population living in the same area at a particular time

Question 5

Ecosystem

Answer 5

communities of organisms that interact with each other and their environment

Question 6

Ecology

Answer 6

the study of ecosystems

Question 7

Producers

Answer 7

organism at the base of the food chain that does not need to feed on other organisms; also known as an autotroph

Question 8

Decomposers

Answer 8

organisms that break down organic matter into inorganic materials

Question 9

Photosynthesis

Answer 9

the food-making process in plants that takes place in chloroplasts within cells. The process uses carbon dioxide, water and energy from the sun.

Question 10

Consumer

Answer 10

organism that relies on other organisms for its food; also known as a heterotroph

Question 11

Herbivores

Answer 11

animal that eats only plants

Question 12

Primary Consumers

Answer 12

the first consumer in a food chain; also known as a first-order consumer

Question 13

Carnivores

Answer 13

an animal that eats other animals

Question 14

Omnivores

Answer 14

animal that eats plants and other animals

Question 15

Detrivore

Answer 15

animal that feeds on and breaks down dead plant or animal matter

Question 16

Ecological niche

Answer 16

the position of a species or population in its ecosystem in relation to each other

Question 17

Competition

Answer 17

the struggle among organisms for food, territory and other factors

Question 18

Parasitism

Answer 18

an interaction in which one species (the parasite) lives in or on another species (the host) from which it obtains food, shelter and other requirements

Question 19

Mutualism

Answer 19

relationship between two different organisms in which both benefit

Question 20

Commensalism

Answer 20

relationship between organisms where one benefits and the other is unaffected

Question 21

Inter specific Competition

Answer 21

competition between organisms of the same species

Question 22

Intrasoecific Competition

Answer 22

competition between organisms of different species

Question 23

Distribution

Answer 23

the area inhabited by a plant or animal species

Question 24

Chemosynthesis

Answer 24

describes organisms that produce organic material using energy released from chemical reactions rather than light

Question 25

Food chains

Answer 25

diagram that shows how the energy stored in one organism is passed to another

Question 26

Food webs

Answer 26

diagram showing several food chains joined together to demonstrate that animals eat more than one type of food

Question 27

Trophic Level

Answer 27

a level within a food chain, food web or food pyramid

Question 28

Primary Consumers

Answer 28

the first consumer in a food chain; also known as a first-order consumer

Question 29

Secondary Consumers

Answer 29

the second consumer in a food chain; also known as a second-order consumer

Question 30

Energy Pyramid

Answer 30

: a representation of the level of food energy at each level within a food chain

Question 31

Pyramid of Numbers

Answer 31

a representation of the population, or numbers of organisms, at each level within a food chain

Question 32

Pyramid of Biomass

Answer 32

a representation of the dry mass of organisms at each level within a food chain

Question 33

Birth Rate

Answer 33

the number of organisms within a population that are born within a particular period of time

Question 34

Death Rate

Answer 34

the number of organisms within a population that die within a particular period of time

Question 35

Immigration

Answer 35

the number of individuals moving into an area

Question 36

Emigration

Answer 36

the number of individuals leaving an area

Question 37

Exponential Growth

Answer 37

a rapid increase in number or size, represented by a J-shaped graph

Question 38

Sigmoid

Answer 38

the shape of a graph that shows a population increasing in number then reaching a plateau

Question 39

Equilibrium

Answer 39

a state in which conditions are balanced and there is neither growth nor a decrease in number; also known as steady state or plateau phase

Question 40

Zero population Growth

Answer 40

the point at which birth and death rates balance each other out

Question 41

Carrying Capacity

Answer 41

the maximum population size that a particular environment can sustain

Question 42

Combustion

Answer 42

chemical reaction in that a substance reacts with oxygen and heat is released

Question 43

Fuel

Answer 43

a substance that is burned in order to release energy, usually in the form of heat

Question 44

Fossil Fuels

Answer 44

substance, such as coal, oil and natural gas, that has formed from the remains of ancient organisms. Coal, oil and natural gas are often used as fuels; that is, they are burned in order to produce heat.

Question 45

Hydrocarbons

Answer 45

compounds containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms

Question 46

Natural Gas

Answer 46

gas formed from the remains of plants and animals that died millions of years ago; a fossil fuel

Question 47

Octane

Answer 47

the major component of petrol

Question 48

Crude Oil

Answer 48

liquid formed from the remains of marine plants and animals that died million of years ago—a fossil fuel. Many other fuel products are obtained from crude oil.

Question 49

Kerosene

Answer 49

: the fuel used in jet aircraft

Question 50

Respiration

Answer 50

the process by which your body gains energy by breaking down glucose, using oxygen and creating carbon dioxide and water; a slow combustion reaction

Question 51

Oxidation

Answer 51

chemical reaction involving the loss of electrons by a substance