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Science Year 9 > Chapter 5-Systems > Flashcards

Chapter 5-Systems Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Organism

A

Any living thing

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2
Q

Species

A

a group of living organisms capable of interbreeding with each other but not with members of other species

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3
Q

Population

A

a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area at a particular time

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4
Q

Community

A

more than one population living in the same area at a particular time

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5
Q

Ecosystem

A

communities of organisms that interact with each other and their environment

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6
Q

Ecology

A

the study of ecosystems

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7
Q

Producers

A

organism at the base of the food chain that does not need to feed on other organisms; also known as an autotroph

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8
Q

Decomposers

A

organisms that break down organic matter into inorganic materials

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9
Q

Photosynthesis

A

the food-making process in plants that takes place in chloroplasts within cells. The process uses carbon dioxide, water and energy from the sun.

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10
Q

Consumer

A

organism that relies on other organisms for its food; also known as a heterotroph

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11
Q

Herbivores

A

animal that eats only plants

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12
Q

Primary Consumers

A

the first consumer in a food chain; also known as a first-order consumer

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13
Q

Carnivores

A

an animal that eats other animals

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14
Q

Omnivores

A

animal that eats plants and other animals

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15
Q

Detrivore

A

animal that feeds on and breaks down dead plant or animal matter

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16
Q

Ecological niche

A

the position of a species or population in its ecosystem in relation to each other

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17
Q

Competition

A

the struggle among organisms for food, territory and other factors

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18
Q

Parasitism

A

an interaction in which one species (the parasite) lives in or on another species (the host) from which it obtains food, shelter and other requirements

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19
Q

Mutualism

A

relationship between two different organisms in which both benefit

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20
Q

Commensalism

A

relationship between organisms where one benefits and the other is unaffected

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21
Q

Inter specific Competition

A

competition between organisms of the same species

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22
Q

Intrasoecific Competition

A

competition between organisms of different species

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23
Q

Distribution

A

the area inhabited by a plant or animal species

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24
Q

Density

A

the number of a species living within an area

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25
Q

Ecosystem

A

communities of organisms that interact with each other and their environment

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26
Q

Biotic Factors

A

the living things (organisms) in an ecosystem

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27
Q

Tolerance Range

A

range of an abiotic factor in the environment in which an organism can survive

28
Q

Optimum Range

A

the range, within a tolerance range for a particular abiotic factor, in which an organism functions best

29
Q

Biodiversity

A

the variety of species of biological organisms, often in relation to a particular area

30
Q

Sampling Methods

A

techniques used to determine the density and distribution of various populations and communities within an ecosystem

31
Q

Transects

A

a sampling area along a straight line in which the number of organisms in that area is counted and recorded

32
Q

Quadrants

A

a sampling area, often one square metre, in which the number of organisms in that area is counted and recorded

33
Q

Mark, release and capture

A

a sampling method used to determine the abundance of mobile species

34
Q

Chemosynthetic

A

describes organisms that produce organic material using energy released from chemical reactions rather than light

35
Q

Food Chains

A

diagram that shows how the energy stored in one organism is passed to another

36
Q

Food webs

A

diagram showing several food chains joined together to demonstrate that animals eat more than one type of food

37
Q

Tropic level

A

a level within a food chain, food web or food pyramid

38
Q

First order consumer

A

organism that is within the second trophic level of a food chain (herbivores); also known as a primary consumer

39
Q

Second order consumer

A

organism that is within the third trophic level of a food chain (carnivores); also known as a secondary consumer

40
Q

Energy Pyramid

A

a representation of the level of food energy at each level within a food chain

41
Q

Pyramid of Numbers

A

a representation of the population, or numbers of organisms, at each level within a food chain

42
Q

Pyramid of Biomass

A

a representation of the dry mass of organisms at each level within a food chain

43
Q

Birth rate

A

the number of organisms within a population that are born within a particular period of time

44
Q

Death rate

A

the number of organisms within a population that die within a particular period of time

45
Q

Immigration

A

the number of individuals moving into an area

46
Q

Emigration

A

the number of individuals leaving an area

47
Q

Exponential Growth

A

a rapid increase in number or size, represented by a J-shaped graph

48
Q

Sigmoid

A

the shape of a graph that shows a population increasing in number then reaching a plateau

49
Q

Equilibrium

A

state in which conditions are balanced and there is neither growth nor a decrease in number; also known as steady state or plateau phase

50
Q

Zero population growth

A

the point at which birth and death rates balance each other out

51
Q

Carrying capacity

A

the maximum population size that a particular environment can sustain

52
Q

Eutrophication

A

a form of water pollution involving an excess of nutrients such as nitrates and phosphorus, resulting in algal blooms and possible death of fish and other organisms

53
Q

Insecticides

A

a chemical used to kill insects

54
Q

Fungicides

A

chemical used to kill fungal growth

55
Q

Herbicides

A

a chemical used to kill unwanted plants (weeds)

56
Q

Fumigant a

A

a chemical used in the form of smoke or fumes, to kill pests

57
Q

Bioaccumulation

A

magnification of concentrations of a substance such as a nonbiodegradable pesticide along the food chain; also known as biological magnification

58
Q

Introduced Species

A

an organism that has been released into an ecosystem in which it does not occur naturally

59
Q

Nocturnal

A

active only at night

60
Q

Thermoreceptors

A

special cells located in your skin, part of your brain and body core that are sensitive to temperature

61
Q

Xerophytes

A

plant that is adapted to survive in deserts and other dry habitats

62
Q

Ephemeral

A

lasting for only a very short time

63
Q

Perennial

A

lasting for three or more years

64
Q

Drought Toleratant

A

able to tolerate a period of time without water

65
Q

Drought Resistant

A

able to store water and hence tolerate long periods of time without water

Science Year 9 (10 decks)

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