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Science Year 9 > Chapter 5-Systems > Flashcards

Chapter 5-Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Organism

A

Any living thing

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2
Q

Species

A

a group of living organisms capable of interbreeding with each other but not with members of other species

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3
Q

Population

A

a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area at a particular time

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4
Q

Community

A

more than one population living in the same area at a particular time

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5
Q

Ecosystem

A

communities of organisms that interact with each other and their environment

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6
Q

Ecology

A

the study of ecosystems

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7
Q

Producers

A

organism at the base of the food chain that does not need to feed on other organisms; also known as an autotroph

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8
Q

Decomposers

A

organisms that break down organic matter into inorganic materials

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9
Q

Photosynthesis

A

the food-making process in plants that takes place in chloroplasts within cells. The process uses carbon dioxide, water and energy from the sun.

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10
Q

Consumer

A

organism that relies on other organisms for its food; also known as a heterotroph

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11
Q

Herbivores

A

animal that eats only plants

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12
Q

Primary Consumers

A

the first consumer in a food chain; also known as a first-order consumer

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13
Q

Carnivores

A

an animal that eats other animals

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14
Q

Omnivores

A

animal that eats plants and other animals

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15
Q

Detrivore

A

animal that feeds on and breaks down dead plant or animal matter

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16
Q

Ecological niche

A

the position of a species or population in its ecosystem in relation to each other

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17
Q

Competition

A

the struggle among organisms for food, territory and other factors

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18
Q

Parasitism

A

an interaction in which one species (the parasite) lives in or on another species (the host) from which it obtains food, shelter and other requirements

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19
Q

Mutualism

A

relationship between two different organisms in which both benefit

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20
Q

Commensalism

A

relationship between organisms where one benefits and the other is unaffected

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21
Q

Inter specific Competition

A

competition between organisms of the same species

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22
Q

Intrasoecific Competition

A

competition between organisms of different species

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23
Q

Distribution

A

the area inhabited by a plant or animal species

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24
Q

Density

A

the number of a species living within an area

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25
Ecosystem
communities of organisms that interact with each other and their environment
26
Biotic Factors
the living things (organisms) in an ecosystem
27
Tolerance Range
range of an abiotic factor in the environment in which an organism can survive
28
Optimum Range
the range, within a tolerance range for a particular abiotic factor, in which an organism functions best
29
Biodiversity
the variety of species of biological organisms, often in relation to a particular area
30
Sampling Methods
techniques used to determine the density and distribution of various populations and communities within an ecosystem
31
Transects
a sampling area along a straight line in which the number of organisms in that area is counted and recorded
32
Quadrants
a sampling area, often one square metre, in which the number of organisms in that area is counted and recorded
33
Mark, release and capture
a sampling method used to determine the abundance of mobile species
34
Chemosynthetic
describes organisms that produce organic material using energy released from chemical reactions rather than light
35
Food Chains
diagram that shows how the energy stored in one organism is passed to another
36
Food webs
diagram showing several food chains joined together to demonstrate that animals eat more than one type of food
37
Tropic level
a level within a food chain, food web or food pyramid
38
First order consumer
organism that is within the second trophic level of a food chain (herbivores); also known as a primary consumer
39
Second order consumer
organism that is within the third trophic level of a food chain (carnivores); also known as a secondary consumer
40
Energy Pyramid
a representation of the level of food energy at each level within a food chain
41
Pyramid of Numbers
a representation of the population, or numbers of organisms, at each level within a food chain
42
Pyramid of Biomass
a representation of the dry mass of organisms at each level within a food chain
43
Birth rate
the number of organisms within a population that are born within a particular period of time
44
Death rate
the number of organisms within a population that die within a particular period of time
45
Immigration
the number of individuals moving into an area
46
Emigration
the number of individuals leaving an area
47
Exponential Growth
a rapid increase in number or size, represented by a J-shaped graph
48
Sigmoid
the shape of a graph that shows a population increasing in number then reaching a plateau
49
Equilibrium
state in which conditions are balanced and there is neither growth nor a decrease in number; also known as steady state or plateau phase
50
Zero population growth
the point at which birth and death rates balance each other out
51
Carrying capacity
the maximum population size that a particular environment can sustain
52
Eutrophication
a form of water pollution involving an excess of nutrients such as nitrates and phosphorus, resulting in algal blooms and possible death of fish and other organisms
53
Insecticides
a chemical used to kill insects
54
Fungicides
chemical used to kill fungal growth
55
Herbicides
a chemical used to kill unwanted plants (weeds)
56
Fumigant a
a chemical used in the form of smoke or fumes, to kill pests
57
Bioaccumulation
magnification of concentrations of a substance such as a nonbiodegradable pesticide along the food chain; also known as biological magnification
58
Introduced Species
an organism that has been released into an ecosystem in which it does not occur naturally
59
Nocturnal
active only at night
60
Thermoreceptors
special cells located in your skin, part of your brain and body core that are sensitive to temperature
61
Xerophytes
plant that is adapted to survive in deserts and other dry habitats
62
Ephemeral
lasting for only a very short time
63
Perennial
lasting for three or more years
64
Drought Toleratant
able to tolerate a period of time without water
65
Drought Resistant
able to store water and hence tolerate long periods of time without water

Science Year 9 (10 decks)

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