Chapter 9 Vocabulary Flashcards
Chronically Undernourished
Those people whose diet doesn’t provide the 2,200 cal per day, on average, considered necessary for a health productive life
Food Security
The ability of individuals to obtain sufficient food on a day-to-day basis
Obese
Generally considered to be a body mass greater than 30kg/m2, or roughly 30 pounds above normal for an average person
Malnourishment
Nutritional imbalance caused by lack of specific dietary components or inability to absorb or utilize essential nutrients
Anemia
Low levels of hemoglobin due to iron deficiency or lack of red blood cells
Kwashiorkor
A widespread human protein deficiency disease resulting form a starch diet low in protein and essential amino acids
Marasmus
A widespread human protein deficiency disease caused by a diet low in calories and protein or imbalanced in essential amino acids
Confined Animal Feeding Operation (CAFO)
Facilities in which large numbers of animals spend most or all of their life in confinement
Aquaculture
Growing aquatic species in net pens or tanks
Genetic Engineering
Laboratory manipulation of genetic material using molecular biology techniques to create desired characteristics in organisms
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO’s)
Organisms whose genetic code has been altered by artificial means such as interspecies gene transfer
Soil Erosion
After plowing/harvesting, loose soil is
easily blown away by wind or washed away by rain.
Excessive irrigation causes greater runoff and depletes
aquifers. Soil is considered renewable, however, it takes a
great amount of time
Soil Conservation Stratagies
Methods to reduce soil erosion
Deforestation
Removal of forests in order to clear land
for growing crops. Many negative impacts on ecology:
destroys habitats, reduces groundcover, dries out soil,
increases soil erosion, eliminates a carbon reservoir
Fertilizer Runoff
Causes nutrient pollution which may
lead to cultural eutrophication and hypoxia
Desertification
Occurs in areas near deserts, farming
dries out soil and expands the desert area
Soil Salinization
Occurs in dry climates receiving excessive irrigation. Dissolved salts accumulate in the soil. Eventually too salty for crop growth.
Waterlogging
In areas with a high water table, excessive
irrigation raises level to submerge roots
Pest
Any living thing that competes with humans for food
Herbicides
Control weeds
Fungicides
Control fungus
Rodenticides
Control rodents
Insecticides
Control insects
Broad Spectrum Pesticides
Kill many different species; an environmental problem because the “good” species are killed with the “bad”
Examples:
Chlorinated hydrocarbons (DDT, Dieldrin)
Organophosphates (Malathion, Parathion)
