Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

APES: A Global Concern > 1st Semester Exam > Flashcards

1st Semester Exam Flashcards

1
Q

In a tragedy of the commons, an example of a “common” would include?

A

An ocean fishery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

All non-renewable resources are?

A

Exhaustible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What could be considered an “ecosystem service”?

A

Wetlands providing flood control for cities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What could decrease one’s ecological footprint?

A

Walking to school rather than driving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The book “Silent Spring” is associated with what person?

A

Rachel Carson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The temperature of your skin increases, which leads to an increase in perspiration. Perspiration evaporates from the surface of your skin. The temperature of your skin then decreases. What is this an example of?

A

A negative feedback loop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Who was the founder of the “Green Belt Movement”?

A

Wangari Maathai

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The idea that economic improvement for the world’s poorest populations is possible without devastating the environment is known as what?

A

Sustainable Development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What fraction of the world lives in extreme poverty (less than $1 a day)?

A

1/5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where are the majority of the world’s dirtiest cities located?

A

In China

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

“Creation Care” or the idea of taking care of the environment because God gave it to us is called?

A

Stewardship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where on the axis is the dependent variable plotted?

A

Y-Axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where on the axis is the independent variable plotted?

A

X-Axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where did the worst nuclear accident in history happen?

A

Chernobyl, Ukraine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Statistics are used in what?

A

Analyzing Data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A revolution in scientific thinking is known as a what?

A

Paradigm Shift

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

An experiment in which a test group does not receive a variable is called a what?

A

Controlled Study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A testable explanation based on research alone is a what?

A

Hypothesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the first calculation needed to determine the standard deviation of a set of values is the what?

A

Mean

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What role in terrestrial food chains do bacteria by an underwater vent fill?

A

Autotrophic, primary producers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

On land, water that reaches the atmosphere from the surface of leaves does so through a process known as what?

A

Transpiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is not a form of electromagnetic radiation?

A

Sound Waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The atomic number of nitrogen is 7. A neutral nitrogen-15 atom is composed of what?

A

7 protons, 8 neutrons, and 7 electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Excessive inputs of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds may cause excessive growth of vegetation in surface waters. What is this process known as?

A

Eutrohication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Nitrogen fixation will take place in fields that are planted with what?

A

Soy Beans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

A 3000-watt (3kWh) space heater was used for 3 hours. How much energy did the heater use?

A

9 kWh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is not an ecosystem service?

A

Ozone Depletion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What types of plants are involved in the nitrogen-fixing process?

A

Legumes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What process decreases the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

A

Photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Acid rain with a pH of 5 is more acidic than distilled water by a factor of?

A

100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What kind or organisms could be tertiary consumers?

A

Top of the food chain animals such as sharks and lions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What type of animal does not remove waste form the environment when feeding?

A

Carnivores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What are the 2 high-energy molecules?

A

ATP and NADPH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Entropy, the tendency toward disorder in a system resulting in less available energy to do work is part of what?

A

The Second Law of Thermodynamics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

1 calorie is equal to how many Jules?

A

4.184 J

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Extremophiles obtain energy for metabolic processes through what?

A

Chemosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is the smallest unit of a compound?

A

Molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is the smallest unit of an element?

A

Atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Compounds such as water and carbon dioxide are held together by what type of bond?

A

Covalent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Organic compound contain what element?

A

Carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Bases are substances that give up what type of ions in water?

A

Hydroxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

A special class of proteins that include catalysts are what?

A

Enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What element cycle contributes greatly to soil pH changes, acid rain, air pollution from burning fossil fuels, and human eye and respiratory illnesses?

A

The Sulfur Cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

`What biome is maintained through occaisional fires?

A

Grasslands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What non-point pollution type is most likely to cause cultural eutrophication in lake ecosystems?

A

Fertilizer from agricultural fields

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Photosynthetic organisms such as phytoplankton would be most abundant in what oceanic zone?

A

Euphotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What country would have the largest percentage of boreal forests?

A

Russia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

The land area that delivers recharge to smaller tributary streams that flow into larger rivers is known as what?

A

Watershed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What is the strongest influence on the system of ocean currents running between the tropics and the poles?

A

Differences in water density due to temperature and salinity concentrations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What are 4 reasons why coral reefs and estuaries can support such a high level of diversity?

A

1: Both ecosystems have abundant nutrient flow supporting phytoplankton populations
2: Coral reefs and estuaries receive and abundant amount of sunlight
3: Both ecosystems provide plenty of habitat space for organisms
4: These ecosystems do not have commercially important species therefore human impact on biodiversity is limited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Deep lakes that are characterized by steep banks and have a relatively small supply of plant nutrients are known as what?

A

Oligotrophic

52
Q

A rise in ocean acidification would have a devastating impact on coral ecosystems because?

A

It would decrease the ability of the corals to form their exoskeletons

53
Q

What is not an ecosystem service provided by forests?

A

Road contruction

54
Q

What has the lowest average net primary productivity?

A

Tundras

55
Q

What ecosystem is characterized by the following?:
Long, hot summers and moderate moist winters; Mostly found along coastal areas such as the Pacific Coast of North America, the coastal hills of Chile, and the Mediterranean

A

Chaparral

56
Q

What is it called when a species is physically separated long enough that they become two different species?

A

Geographic Isolation

57
Q

The loss of forested land would most likely do what?

A

Increase the total amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide

58
Q

When new surface area is available, and organisms can begin to inhabit it, what is the ecological succession order?

A

Lichens, grasses, shrubs, and trees

59
Q

The traits that allow a species to survive in its environment represent what?

A

Adaptation

60
Q

What practice is the most damaging to coral?

A

Bottom Trawling

61
Q

Why does primary succession come before secondary succession?

A

Primary succession establishes soil in the area

62
Q

What is necessary to calculate the net primary productivity of an ecosystem?

A

Amount of energy produced by photosynthesis and lost by plant respiration per unit area per unit time

63
Q

What area would have the most biodiversity?

A

A low altitude near the equator

64
Q

The size and isolation of an island will have the greatest effect on its what?

A

Species Diversity

65
Q

What would lead to a species adapting quickly to environmental change?

A

Short Generational Time Spans

66
Q

In general, what percentage of energy is tranferred form one trophic level to the next?

A

10%

67
Q

In lakes, in what zone is the nutrient-rich water near the shore?

A

Littoral Zone

68
Q

What is another names for the first colonists in ecological succession?

A

Pioneer Species

69
Q

What biome would produce the most biomass?

A

Estuary

70
Q

How do sea otters protect kelp forests in the North Pacific Ocean?

A

They eat sea urchins

71
Q

When a harmless species resembles a nasty, poisonous species, and gains protection from predators, what kind of mimicry is this?

A

Batesian Mimicry

72
Q

Exponential growth rates when graphed produce what shape curve?

A

J-shaped

73
Q

The number or biomass of a species that can be supported in a certain area without depleting resources is called what?

A

Carrying Capacity

74
Q

What are organisms that have a high reproductive rate to overcome high mortality rates are called what?

A

r-selected species

75
Q

What is not an abiotic factor?

A

Disease-causing bacteria

76
Q

Interspecific interactions occur how?

A

Between Species

77
Q

What is the net annual percentage growth rate formula?

A

(Births + Immigrants) - (Deaths + Emmigrants)

78
Q

What year did the U.S. experience its highest birth rate?

A

1970

79
Q

What country is most likely to experience negative population growth?

A

Lithuania (Eastern Europe, though any European country would do at this point)

80
Q

Stress-related disease in a population are what?

A

Density-dependent

81
Q

The minimum viable population size is the population size required to prevent what?

A

Extinction

82
Q

Every second, how many babies are born and how many people die?

A

5 babies

2 adults

83
Q

Who argued that population growth is the ultimate cause of many of the world’s social and environmental problems?

A

Thomas Malthus

84
Q

What area of the world is experiencing the highest fertility rate?

A

Africa

85
Q

What area of the world has the largest percentage of the global population?

A

Asia

86
Q

What area of the world consumes the largest amount of global resources per capita?

A

North America

87
Q

When compared to most developed countries, most developing countries have higher what?

A

Infant mortality rates

88
Q

What is a density-independent control factor?

A

Habitat Destruction

89
Q

What factor is most directly responsible for the growth of the human populaiton in the past 100 years?

A

Improved medical care and sanitation

90
Q

Replacement-level fertility in a developed nation is likely to be nearest to what?

A

2.1

91
Q

Rachel Carson is to DDT as what?

A

Roland and Molina are to CFC’s

92
Q

The extinciton of what animal would be most devastating to life on Earth?

A

Honeybee

93
Q

What are the top two populated countries?

A

1: China
2: India

94
Q

The TFR is the number of children born…

A

To one woman in her lifetime

95
Q

In the last 100 years, the average life expectancy of a world citizen has increased by over how many years?

A

30 years

96
Q

In Africa, what reduced the population by more than 25%?

A

AIDS

97
Q

When did the world population reach 1 billion?

A

In 1800

98
Q

When a developing country goes from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates, this pattern is known as what?

A

Demographic Transition

99
Q

What respiratory disease spread rapidly through China before being contained in 2003?

A

SARS

100
Q

What chemical is being used in the U.S. to control pest populaitons?

A

Atrazine

101
Q

Who developed the theory of island biogeography?

A

E.O. Wilson

102
Q

What was the international agreement to phase out 12 organic, persistent pollutants known as the dirty dozen?

A

Persistent Organic Pollutants Treaty

103
Q

What is a long-time exposure to a chemical called?

A

A chronic effect

104
Q

From what product could you contract bisphenol A (BPA)?

A

Plastic food containers and water bottles

105
Q

What is a non-transmissible disease that is the leading killer worldwide and in the U.S?

A

Cardiovascular Disease

106
Q

What solution to reducing infectious diseases in developing countries would have the most immediate impact?

A

Sanitation practices to provide clean drinking water

107
Q

What animal (or types of animal) is the least vunerable to biomagnification?

A

Moose (Herbivores)

108
Q

What is an example of an infectious disease that is not transmitted directly from human to human?

A

Malaria

109
Q

What is 1ppm (parts per million) equivalent to?

A

1,000 ppb (parts per billion)

110
Q

What disease is not transmitted through water?

A

AIDS

111
Q

What causes sick building syndrome?

A

Indoor air pollution

112
Q

Morbidity

A

Illness

113
Q

WHO

A

World Health Organization

114
Q

DALYs

A

Disability Adjusted Life Years

115
Q

What was the leading cause of death in the 1990s?

A

Pneumonia

116
Q

Disease-causeing organisms that afflict humans are known as what?

A

Pathogens

117
Q

In 2001, West NIle Virus was contracted in what state?

A

Florida

118
Q

What ranks first in the top toxic and hazardous substances?

A

Arsenic

119
Q

Substances that activate the immune system are called what?

A

Allergens

120
Q

What chemicals cause abnormalities in embryonic growth and development?

A

Teratogens

121
Q

What kind of solubility aids in biomagnification?

A

Oil-Solubility

122
Q

What is not a POP?

A

MRSA

123
Q

The accumulatio of toxins in the body that we acquire form air, water, diet, and out surrounding is called what?

A

Body Burden

124
Q

What organ is responsible for filtering out toxins?

A

Liver

125
Q

What is a recent emergent disease?

A

Ebola

126
Q

The possibility of suffering harm or loss is called what?

A

Risk

APES: A Global Concern (45 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions