chapter 9 the science of genetics Flashcards
The offspring of two different varieties are called …. this is typically similar to genetic crossing
hybrids
What are the true breeding parents called ? and what is their hybrid offspring called?
P generation, P= parental,
F1 generation f=filial
When F1 plants self fertilize each other, their offspring are the……?
F2 generation
mendel developed four hypothesis when he did the experiment of white and purple crossing
1)Alternative versions of gene are called alleles
2)For each character, an organism has two alleles of a gene
- two identical alleles for a gene are called homozygous
-two different alleles is called heterozygous for that gene
3)one that has effect is (determines the organism’s appearance) is called dominant allele, and the one that has no effect is called recessive allele.
4) law of segregration
A sperm or egg carries only one allele for each inherited character because allele pairs separate from each other during the production of gametes.
law of segregation
does every diploid cell have pairs of homologous chromosomes
Yes, whether from a pea plant or a person, they contain homologous chromosomes.
Chromosomes in a homologous pair carry alleles of the same genes at the same location?
Yes
a cross between two individuals that are heterozygous for one character for example: (Pp x Pp) is called
monohybrid cross
A cross between two organisms that are each heterozygous for two characters being followed is called
dihybrid cross
The inheritance of one character has no effect on the inheritance of another, and this is referred to as
Mendel’s law of independent assortment
True or false. The chromosome theory of inheritance holds that genes occupy specific loci positions on chromosomes.
True
Why did bateson and mendel’s experiment failed that genes located together willfollowing independent assortment?
genes located close together are called linked genes, and it may not follow independent assortment (and this is why the experiment failed)
Indicate if the following is true or false.
During meiosis, crossing over between homologous chromosomes new combinations of alleles in gametes?
True
refers to traits that are less common ( but this can also be dominant)
mutant
The offspring with recombination phenotypes must have been resulted from fertilization involving _______
recombinant gametes
