Chapter 14 The origin species

Question 1

What creates opportunities for speciation, but it does not necessarily lead to new species

Answer 1

The answer is geographic isolation

Question 2

This only occurs when the gene pools undergoes changes in establishing reproductive barriers.

Answer 2

Speciation

Question 3

A new species arises within the same geographic area as its parent species

Answer 3

Sympatric speciation

Question 4

What are the factors that can reduce gene flow in sympatric populations?

Answer 4

1) polypoidy
2)habitat diffirentiation
3)sexual selection

Question 5

Polypoid

Answer 5

cells have more than two complete sets of chromosomes

Question 6

True or false. Odd numbers of chromosomes can form homologous pairs during meiosis?

Answer 6

False. It cannot odd numbers of chromosomes cannot form homologous pairs during meiosis
in short, odd numbers=sterile

Question 7

occurs when there are no physical barriers preventing any members of a species from mating with another, and all members are in close proximity to one another.

Answer 7

sympatric speciation

Question 8

Both habitat differentiation and sexual selection can also contribute to the formation of _______ between _____ populations

Answer 8

sexual reproductive barriers between the allopatric populations

Question 9

Focused on the role of natural selection in the gradual adaptation of a population to its environment

Answer 9

microevolution

Question 10

the process by which one species splits into two or more species

Answer 10

speciation

Question 11

what happens each time speciation occurs?

Answer 11

the diversity of life increases

Question 12

Biological species concept

Answer 12

defines a species as a group populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce fertile offspring (offspring themselves can reproduce)

Question 13

the existense of barriers that stop members of two species from producing viable, fertile, offpsring with each other

Answer 13

reproductive isolation

Question 14

many pairs of species are distinct and et are capable of interbreeding. the offspring of pairs of clearly distinct species are called

Answer 14

hybrids

Question 15

for most organism- sexual,asexuall, and fossils alike classification is based mainly on…..

Answer 15

physical traits such as shape,size,and other features of morphology (form)

Question 16

frequently applied in such cases, as it relies entirely on the physical structures or traits of an organism.

Answer 16

the morphological species concept

Question 17

what are the advantage and disadvantage of morphological species concept?

Answer 17

advantage: it can be applied to asexual organism and fossils and does not require information on possible interbreeding.

disadvantage: this approach relies on subjective criteria, researchers may disagree on which features distinguish a species.

Question 18

focusing on unique adaptation to particular roles in a biological community example: two fish may be similar in appearance but distinguishable based on what they eat or depths of water in which they are usually found.

Answer 18

ecological species concept

Question 19

defines a species as the smallest group of individuals that share a common ancestor and from one branch on the tree of life

Answer 19

phylogenetic species concept

Question 20

which species concepts could you apply to both sexual and asexual species?

Answer 20

the morphological, ecological, and phylogenetic species concepts could all be sued because they do not rely on the criterion of reproductive isolation

Question 21

what prevents species that are closely related from interbreeding?

Answer 21

reproductive isolation

Question 22

the various type of reproductive barriers that isolate the gene pool of species can be categorized as either ….

Answer 22

1) prezygotic barriers
2)postzygotic barriers

Question 23

prevent making or fertilization between species

Answer 23

prezygotic barriers

Question 24

operate after hybrid zygotes have formed

Answer 24

postzygotic barriers

Question 25

what are the components of postzygotic barriers

Answer 25

reduced hybrid viability
reduced hybrid fertility
hybrid breakdown

Question 26

hybrids are vigourous but cannot produce viable offpsring

Answer 26

reduced hybrid fertility

Question 27

what type of isolation does prezygotic barriers have?

Answer 27

habitat
temporal
behavioral
mechanical

Question 28

lack of opportunities to encounter each other

Answer 28

habitat

Question 29

breeding at different times or seasons

Answer 29

temporal

Question 30

failure to send or receive appropriate signals

Answer 30

behavioral

Question 31

physicial incompatibility

Answer 31

mechanical