chapter 4 prokaryotic cells are structurally simpler than eukaryotic cells Flashcards
what are the two different types of cells?
prokaryotic and eukaryotic
the first to evolve, sole inhabitant for over 1.5 billion years
prokaryotic
define what eukaryotic cells are
evolved from the ancestral cells
microorganisms found in the bacteria and archae, usually 1/10 of the size of eukaryotic cell
prokaryotic
contains an enclosed nucleus which contains dna, as well as enclosed membrane organelles
eukaryotic cells
similar to eukaryotes but smaller in structure
prokaryotic cells
distinguish differences between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cels
prokaryotic;
no membrane organelles
no nucelus
most have cell wall
unicellular (single -celled)
eukaryotic:
membrane organelles
dna in nucelus
some have cell wall (not most)
plants,fungi,protists,and animals
distinguish some similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
similarities: both contain….
1. ribosomes
2.DNA
3.cytoplasm
4.cell membrane/plasma membrane
5.can be seen in a electron microscope
what is the term that can be found in each cell to perform specific tasks?
organelles
four basic functional groups…..
1. nucleus and ribosomes carry what in the cell?
2.Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus ,lysosomes, vacuoles, peroxisomes are all involved in what?
3.energy processors:….
4.Add to the structural support, movement and communication between the cells
1.carry genetic control of the cell
2.all involved in manufacture, distribution and breakdown of molecules
3.mitochondria in all cells and chloroplast in plant cells
4.plasma membrane, cytoskeleton, and plant cell wall
define cellular metabolism
fluid filled spaces in the cell are where chemical conditions occur
true or false. Every organelle in animal cells are found in plant cell except lysosomes and centrosomes.
True
some animals cells only have flagella?
no, they both have flagella and cilia
in plants only sperm cells of some species have flagella
yes that is true
plant cell only have a thick cell wall, chemically different from the prokaryotic cell walls, these have what?
polysaccharide cellulose
define plasmodesmata
cytoplasmic channels through cell walls that connect adjacent cells (only present in plants)
recall in plants , they contain chloroplast, where photosynthesis occur , what is the function of vacuoles?
stores water and chemicals
eukaryotic cells have what structures?
non membranous structures
______ contains different types of protein fibers that extend throughout the cell,______ are found in the cytosol and attached to certain membranes
therefore the non membranous structures in eukaryotes are: _____ and ________.
cytoskeleton and ribosomes are the answers for the following blanks.
this is the command centre, the brains. Also includes the cell’s genetic instructions coded in its DNA. it also direct the cells protein synthesis.
nucleus
define what chromosomes are
proteins that are organized into structures, proteins help coil the long DNA molecules
DNA is copied into 2 daughter cells, which receive an identical set of instructions. Coiled up more and is visible in a microscope- which would be known as chromosomes
cell division
define nucleus envelope
closed the nucleus with a double membrane, each with separate phospholipid bilayers and proteins; let’s molecules into and out of the cell through the pre lined membranes
where ribosomal RNA is synthesized (rRNA), according to instructions from the DNA. Proteins from the cytoplasm are assembled with rRNA and form subunit ribosomes- sent out to cytoplasm to form functional ribosomes
nucleus
