chapter 4 prokaryotic cells are structurally simpler than eukaryotic cells

Question 1

what are the two different types of cells?

Answer 1

prokaryotic and eukaryotic

Question 2

the first to evolve, sole inhabitant for over 1.5 billion years

Answer 2

prokaryotic

Question 3

define what eukaryotic cells are

Answer 3

evolved from the ancestral cells

Question 4

microorganisms found in the bacteria and archae, usually 1/10 of the size of eukaryotic cell

Answer 4

prokaryotic

Question 5

contains an enclosed nucleus which contains dna, as well as enclosed membrane organelles

Answer 5

eukaryotic cells

Question 6

similar to eukaryotes but smaller in structure

Answer 6

prokaryotic cells

Question 7

distinguish differences between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cels

Answer 7

prokaryotic;
no membrane organelles
no nucelus
most have cell wall
unicellular (single -celled)

eukaryotic:
membrane organelles
dna in nucelus
some have cell wall (not most)
plants,fungi,protists,and animals

Question 8

distinguish some similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Answer 8

similarities: both contain….
1. ribosomes
2.DNA
3.cytoplasm
4.cell membrane/plasma membrane
5.can be seen in a electron microscope

Question 9

what is the term that can be found in each cell to perform specific tasks?

Answer 9

organelles

Question 10

four basic functional groups…..
1. nucleus and ribosomes carry what in the cell?
2.Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus ,lysosomes, vacuoles, peroxisomes are all involved in what?
3.energy processors:….
4.Add to the structural support, movement and communication between the cells

Answer 10

1.carry genetic control of the cell
2.all involved in manufacture, distribution and breakdown of molecules
3.mitochondria in all cells and chloroplast in plant cells
4.plasma membrane, cytoskeleton, and plant cell wall

Question 11

define cellular metabolism

Answer 11

fluid filled spaces in the cell are where chemical conditions occur

Question 12

true or false. Every organelle in animal cells are found in plant cell except lysosomes and centrosomes.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

some animals cells only have flagella?

Answer 13

no, they both have flagella and cilia

Question 14

in plants only sperm cells of some species have flagella

Answer 14

yes that is true

Question 15

plant cell only have a thick cell wall, chemically different from the prokaryotic cell walls, these have what?

Answer 15

polysaccharide cellulose

Question 16

define plasmodesmata

Answer 16

cytoplasmic channels through cell walls that connect adjacent cells (only present in plants)

Question 17

recall in plants , they contain chloroplast, where photosynthesis occur , what is the function of vacuoles?

Answer 17

stores water and chemicals

Question 18

eukaryotic cells have what structures?

Answer 18

non membranous structures

Question 19

______ contains different types of protein fibers that extend throughout the cell,______ are found in the cytosol and attached to certain membranes

therefore the non membranous structures in eukaryotes are: _____ and ________.

Answer 19

cytoskeleton and ribosomes are the answers for the following blanks.

Question 20

this is the command centre, the brains. Also includes the cell’s genetic instructions coded in its DNA. it also direct the cells protein synthesis.

Answer 20

nucleus

Question 21

define what chromosomes are

Answer 21

proteins that are organized into structures, proteins help coil the long DNA molecules

Question 22

DNA is copied into 2 daughter cells, which receive an identical set of instructions. Coiled up more and is visible in a microscope- which would be known as chromosomes

Answer 22

cell division

Question 23

define nucleus envelope

Answer 23

closed the nucleus with a double membrane, each with separate phospholipid bilayers and proteins; let’s molecules into and out of the cell through the pre lined membranes

Question 24

where ribosomal RNA is synthesized (rRNA), according to instructions from the DNA. Proteins from the cytoplasm are assembled with rRNA and form subunit ribosomes- sent out to cytoplasm to form functional ribosomes

Answer 24

nucleus

Question 25

Define messenger rna (mRNA). Hint: this goes into the cytoplasm and ribosomes translate it into amino acid sequence of proteins

Answer 25

creates protein synthesis, this is possible because it is a transcription of protein synthesizing instruction from the gene’s DNA

Question 26

this is where the subunits of ribosomes are released

Answer 26

nucleus

Question 27

create proteins that are free in the cytosol

Answer 27

free ribosomes

Question 28

How can you explain the pathway of DNA?

Answer 28

DNA-RNA-Protein

Question 29

many of the membranes of the eukaryotic cells, some connected and some linked by tiny vesicles (sacs made of membrane)

Answer 29

endomembrane system

Question 30

name the endomembrane systems

Answer 30

nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, various types of vesicle and vacuoles, and the plasma membrane(not an inner membrane, but related by the transfer of vesicles)

Question 31

what is the largest component of the endomembrane system ?

Answer 31

endoplasmic reticulum network os sacs, and tubules