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HTH210- Medical Terminology > CHAPTER 9: the respiratory system > Flashcards

CHAPTER 9: the respiratory system Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

alveol/o

A

air sac, alveolus

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2
Q

bronch/o (/i)

A

airway, bronchus

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3
Q

laryng/o

A

voice box, larynx

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4
Q

lob/o

A

a rounded part, lobe

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5
Q

muc/o

A

mucus

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6
Q

nas/o, rhin/o

A

nose

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7
Q

ox/i

A

oxygen

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8
Q

pharyng/o

A

throat, pharynx

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9
Q

phragm/o, phragmat/o

A

partition

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10
Q

pleur/o

A

pleura, rib

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11
Q

pneum/o, pneumon/o

A

air, lung

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12
Q

pulmon/o

A

lung

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13
Q

sept/o

A

putrefying; wall, partition

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14
Q

sinus/o

A

cavity

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15
Q

thorac/o

A

chest, thorax

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16
Q

trache/o

A

windpipe, trachea

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17
Q

eu-

A

normal, good

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18
Q

-capnia

A

condition of carbon dioxide

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19
Q

-phonia

A

condition of sound or voice

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20
Q

-pnea

A

breath

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21
Q

-ptysis

A

to cough up

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22
Q

-staxis

A

dripping

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23
Q

anoxia

A

an-, without, absence of

-oxia, condition of oxygen

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24
Q

aphonia

A

a-, without, absence of
-phonia, condition of sound or voice
without sound or voice

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25
Q

apnea

A

a-, without, absence of
-pnea, breath
longer than normal pause between breaths
sleep apnea, longer pauses or shallow breath during sleep

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26
Q

bradypnea

A

brady-, slow
-pnea, breath
abnormal slowing of the breathing rhythm

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27
Q

bronchospasm

A

bronch/o, airway, bronchus
-spasm, involuntary muscle contraction
narrowing of the airway caused by the contraction of the smooth muscles in the walls of the bronchioles

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28
Q

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

A

repeated pattern of distressed: deep then shallow breathing

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29
Q

dysphonia

A

dys-, abnormal, bad, difficult
-phonia, condition of sound or voice
hoarse voice

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30
Q

dyspnea

A

dys-, abnormal, bad, difficult
-pnea, breath
difficult breathing

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31
Q

eupnea

A

eu-, good
pnea-, breath
normal breathing

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32
Q

epistaxis

A

epi-, upon, over, above, on top
-staxis, dripping
dripping upon, runny nose (rhinorrhagia)

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33
Q

hemoptysis

A

hem/o, blood
-ptysis, to cough up
coughing up blood

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34
Q

hemothorax

A

hem/o, blood
thorax, lung
blood in the pleural cavity surrounding the lungs

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35
Q

hyper/hypo-capnia

A

hyper-, high
-capnia, condition of carbon dioxide
abnormally high levels of carbon dioxide in the blood

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36
Q

hyper/hypo-pnea

A

hyper-, high
-pnea, breath
abnormally deep breathing

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37
Q

hypoventilation

A

a reduced breathing rhythm that fails to meet the body’s gas exchange demands

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38
Q

hypoxemia, hypoxia

A

hypo-, low
-oxia, condition of oxygen
abnormally low levels of oxygen in the blood

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39
Q

laryngospasm

A

laryng/o, larynx
-spasm, involuntary muscle contraction
the closure of the glottis due to contractions in the throat

40
Q

orthopnea

A

ortho-, straight
-pnea, breath
limited ability to breathe when lying down

41
Q

paroxysm

A

from greek word paroxysmos “to sharppen or to irritate”

sudden onset of symptoms sharp pain or a convulsion

42
Q

sputum

A

coughed up matter from the lungs (mucus, inhaled particulates, and sometimes pus or blood)

43
Q

tachypnea

A

tachy-, fast
pnea-, breath
rapid breathing

44
Q

thoracalgia

A

thorac/o, chest
-algia- condition of pain
chest pain

45
Q

atel/o

A

incomplete

46
Q

coccidioid/o

A

coccidiodes immitis (a fungus)

47
Q

coni/o

A

dust

48
Q

embol/o

A

plug

49
Q

glott/o

A

opening in the windpipe

50
Q

myc/o

A

fungus

51
Q

py/o

A

pus

52
Q

sten/o

A

narrow

53
Q

tonsill/o

A

almond, tonsil

54
Q

tubercul/o

A

little swelling

55
Q

-ism

A

condition of disease

56
Q

dilat/o

A

to widen

57
Q

lob/o

A

round part, or lobe

58
Q

ot/o

A

ear

59
Q

spir/o

A

breathe

60
Q

-centesis

A

surgical puncture

61
Q

-oid

A

resembling

62
Q

asphyxia

A

a-, without, absence of
spyx/o, pulse
without a pulse

63
Q

asthma

A

wide spread narrowing of the bronchioles and formation of mucus plugs

64
Q

atelectasis

A

atel/o, incomplete
-ectasis, expansion, dilation
disease causes the alveoli to collapse, preventing air from entering

65
Q

-ectasis

A

expansion, dilation

66
Q

bronchiectasis

A

bronchi/o, airway, bronchus
-ectasis, dilation
chronic abnormal dilation of the bronchi

67
Q

bronchogenic carcinoma

A

agressive form of cancer arising from the cells within the bronchi

68
Q

bronchopneumonia

A

bronch/o/pneumo/ia
an acute inflammatory disease that effects the bronchioles and the alveoli. Usually caused by a bacterial infection involving the bronchi and the soft tissue of the lungs, causing the alveoli to fill with liquid and lose their air space (aka lobar pneumonia)

69
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

A

a reduced flow of air to and from the alveoli, may be a result of chronic bronchitis or emphysema. When both conditions occur simultaneously —> COPD a progressive disease that makes breathing very difficult primarily caused by smoking

70
Q

coccidioidomycosis

A

coccidioid/o, fungus
myc/o, fungus
-osis condition of
valley fever, caused by inhaling spores

71
Q

coryza

A

common cold, derived from the greek word for runny nose “koryza”, aka rhinitis

72
Q

croup

A

common among infants and children, hoarse cough resulting from swelling of the larynx in response to a viral infection, aka laryngotracheobronchitis

73
Q

cystic fibrosis

A 
cyst-, sac or bursa 
-ic, condition of
fibr/o-, fiber
-osis, condition of
condition of fibrous cysts 
Hereditary disease excess mucus production in the RT, DT causing difficult breathing
74
Q

emphysema

A

a chronic lung disease: symptoms of dyspnea, chronic cough, formation of a barrel chest due to labored breathing, and a gradual deterioration caused by chronic hypoxia.
Greek word “inflate”
when the aveoli walls deteriorate

75
Q

legionellosis

A

a form of pneumonia that is caused by the bacterium legionella pneuonphila call Legionnaires’ disease

76
Q

nasopharyngitis

A

nas/o, nose
pharyng/o, pharynx, throat
-itis, inflamation
inflammation of the nose and throat due to an allergic reaction, or bacterial or viral infection

77
Q

pertussis (whooping cough)

A

inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi that produces spasmodic coughing

78
Q

pleural effusion

A

effusion refers to the leakage of fluid, into the pleural cavity, usually occurs as a response by the body to injury or infection of the pleural membranes

79
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

pneum/o, lung
coni/o, dust
-osis, condition of
inflammation of the lungs when caused by the chronic inhalation of particles

80
Q

pneumonia

A

inflammation of soft lung tissue that results in the formation of and exudate (fluid) within the alveoli

81
Q

pneumothorax

A

abnormal presence of air or gas within the pleural cavity caused by injury or severe coughing

82
Q

pulmonary edema

A

accumulation of fluid within the lungs as a response to infection or injury

83
Q

pulmonary embolism

A

(PE) blood clot in the pulmonary circulation, complication of surgery or injury

84
Q

pyothorax

A

py/o, pus
thorax, chest, thorax
pus in the pleural cavity

85
Q

tuberculosis

A

infection of the lungs by the bacterium mycobacterium tuberculosis, a colony of bacteria form within the soft tissue of the lung creating a hardened barrier preventing white blood cells from entering and destroying the bacteria resulting in necrosis and inflammation that prevent proper gas exchange

86
Q

acid-fast bacilli smear

A

(AFB) test preformed on sputum to identify the presence of bacteria, frequently used with chest x-rays to confirm diagnosis of tuberculosis

87
Q

adenoidectomy

A

andenoid is a pharyngeal tonsil

removal of this tonsil is necessary if chronic inflammation occurs

88
Q

antihistamine

A

compound released by certain cells in response to allergens

89
Q

arterial blood gases

A

ABG’s a clinical test on arterial blood to identify the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide

90
Q

aspiration

A

the removal of fluid, air, or foreign bodies with suction derived from the latin word aspiratus “to breath on”

91
Q

auscultation

A

a procedure that involves listening to sounds within the body as a part of a physical examination (stethoscope)

92
Q

expectorant

A

a drug that breaks up mucus and promotes the coughing reflex to expel the mucus

93
Q

incentive spirometry

A

breathing therapy spirometer to promote deeper breathing

94
Q

nebulizer

A

a device used to convert a liquid medication into a mist

95
Q

oximetry

A

measurement of oxygen in the blood (pulse oximeter, pulse ox)

HTH210- Medical Terminology (12 decks)

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