CHAPTER 9: the respiratory system Flashcards
alveol/o
air sac, alveolus
bronch/o (/i)
airway, bronchus
laryng/o
voice box, larynx
lob/o
a rounded part, lobe
muc/o
mucus
nas/o, rhin/o
nose
ox/i
oxygen
pharyng/o
throat, pharynx
phragm/o, phragmat/o
partition
pleur/o
pleura, rib
pneum/o, pneumon/o
air, lung
pulmon/o
lung
sept/o
putrefying; wall, partition
sinus/o
cavity
thorac/o
chest, thorax
trache/o
windpipe, trachea
eu-
normal, good
-capnia
condition of carbon dioxide
-phonia
condition of sound or voice
-pnea
breath
-ptysis
to cough up
-staxis
dripping
anoxia
an-, without, absence of
-oxia, condition of oxygen
aphonia
a-, without, absence of
-phonia, condition of sound or voice
without sound or voice
apnea
a-, without, absence of
-pnea, breath
longer than normal pause between breaths
sleep apnea, longer pauses or shallow breath during sleep
bradypnea
brady-, slow
-pnea, breath
abnormal slowing of the breathing rhythm
bronchospasm
bronch/o, airway, bronchus
-spasm, involuntary muscle contraction
narrowing of the airway caused by the contraction of the smooth muscles in the walls of the bronchioles
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
repeated pattern of distressed: deep then shallow breathing
dysphonia
dys-, abnormal, bad, difficult
-phonia, condition of sound or voice
hoarse voice
dyspnea
dys-, abnormal, bad, difficult
-pnea, breath
difficult breathing
eupnea
eu-, good
pnea-, breath
normal breathing
epistaxis
epi-, upon, over, above, on top
-staxis, dripping
dripping upon, runny nose (rhinorrhagia)
hemoptysis
hem/o, blood
-ptysis, to cough up
coughing up blood
hemothorax
hem/o, blood
thorax, lung
blood in the pleural cavity surrounding the lungs
hyper/hypo-capnia
hyper-, high
-capnia, condition of carbon dioxide
abnormally high levels of carbon dioxide in the blood
hyper/hypo-pnea
hyper-, high
-pnea, breath
abnormally deep breathing
hypoventilation
a reduced breathing rhythm that fails to meet the body’s gas exchange demands
hypoxemia, hypoxia
hypo-, low
-oxia, condition of oxygen
abnormally low levels of oxygen in the blood
laryngospasm
laryng/o, larynx
-spasm, involuntary muscle contraction
the closure of the glottis due to contractions in the throat
orthopnea
ortho-, straight
-pnea, breath
limited ability to breathe when lying down
paroxysm
from greek word paroxysmos “to sharppen or to irritate”
sudden onset of symptoms sharp pain or a convulsion
sputum
coughed up matter from the lungs (mucus, inhaled particulates, and sometimes pus or blood)
tachypnea
tachy-, fast
pnea-, breath
rapid breathing
thoracalgia
thorac/o, chest
-algia- condition of pain
chest pain
atel/o
incomplete
coccidioid/o
coccidiodes immitis (a fungus)
coni/o
dust
embol/o
plug
glott/o
opening in the windpipe
myc/o
fungus
py/o
pus
sten/o
narrow
tonsill/o
almond, tonsil
tubercul/o
little swelling
-ism
condition of disease
dilat/o
to widen
lob/o
round part, or lobe
ot/o
ear
spir/o
breathe
-centesis
surgical puncture
-oid
resembling
asphyxia
a-, without, absence of
spyx/o, pulse
without a pulse
asthma
wide spread narrowing of the bronchioles and formation of mucus plugs
atelectasis
atel/o, incomplete
-ectasis, expansion, dilation
disease causes the alveoli to collapse, preventing air from entering
-ectasis
expansion, dilation
bronchiectasis
bronchi/o, airway, bronchus
-ectasis, dilation
chronic abnormal dilation of the bronchi
bronchogenic carcinoma
agressive form of cancer arising from the cells within the bronchi
bronchopneumonia
bronch/o/pneumo/ia
an acute inflammatory disease that effects the bronchioles and the alveoli. Usually caused by a bacterial infection involving the bronchi and the soft tissue of the lungs, causing the alveoli to fill with liquid and lose their air space (aka lobar pneumonia)
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
a reduced flow of air to and from the alveoli, may be a result of chronic bronchitis or emphysema. When both conditions occur simultaneously —> COPD a progressive disease that makes breathing very difficult primarily caused by smoking
coccidioidomycosis
coccidioid/o, fungus
myc/o, fungus
-osis condition of
valley fever, caused by inhaling spores
coryza
common cold, derived from the greek word for runny nose “koryza”, aka rhinitis
croup
common among infants and children, hoarse cough resulting from swelling of the larynx in response to a viral infection, aka laryngotracheobronchitis
cystic fibrosis
cyst-, sac or bursa -ic, condition of fibr/o-, fiber -osis, condition of condition of fibrous cysts Hereditary disease excess mucus production in the RT, DT causing difficult breathing
emphysema
a chronic lung disease: symptoms of dyspnea, chronic cough, formation of a barrel chest due to labored breathing, and a gradual deterioration caused by chronic hypoxia.
Greek word “inflate”
when the aveoli walls deteriorate
legionellosis
a form of pneumonia that is caused by the bacterium legionella pneuonphila call Legionnaires’ disease
nasopharyngitis
nas/o, nose
pharyng/o, pharynx, throat
-itis, inflamation
inflammation of the nose and throat due to an allergic reaction, or bacterial or viral infection
pertussis (whooping cough)
inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi that produces spasmodic coughing
pleural effusion
effusion refers to the leakage of fluid, into the pleural cavity, usually occurs as a response by the body to injury or infection of the pleural membranes
pneumoconiosis
pneum/o, lung
coni/o, dust
-osis, condition of
inflammation of the lungs when caused by the chronic inhalation of particles
pneumonia
inflammation of soft lung tissue that results in the formation of and exudate (fluid) within the alveoli
pneumothorax
abnormal presence of air or gas within the pleural cavity caused by injury or severe coughing
pulmonary edema
accumulation of fluid within the lungs as a response to infection or injury
pulmonary embolism
(PE) blood clot in the pulmonary circulation, complication of surgery or injury
pyothorax
py/o, pus
thorax, chest, thorax
pus in the pleural cavity
tuberculosis
infection of the lungs by the bacterium mycobacterium tuberculosis, a colony of bacteria form within the soft tissue of the lung creating a hardened barrier preventing white blood cells from entering and destroying the bacteria resulting in necrosis and inflammation that prevent proper gas exchange
acid-fast bacilli smear
(AFB) test preformed on sputum to identify the presence of bacteria, frequently used with chest x-rays to confirm diagnosis of tuberculosis
adenoidectomy
andenoid is a pharyngeal tonsil
removal of this tonsil is necessary if chronic inflammation occurs
antihistamine
compound released by certain cells in response to allergens
arterial blood gases
ABG’s a clinical test on arterial blood to identify the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide
aspiration
the removal of fluid, air, or foreign bodies with suction derived from the latin word aspiratus “to breath on”
auscultation
a procedure that involves listening to sounds within the body as a part of a physical examination (stethoscope)
expectorant
a drug that breaks up mucus and promotes the coughing reflex to expel the mucus
incentive spirometry
breathing therapy spirometer to promote deeper breathing
nebulizer
a device used to convert a liquid medication into a mist
oximetry
measurement of oxygen in the blood (pulse oximeter, pulse ox)
