CHAPTER 11: the urinary system Flashcards
albumin/o
albumin (a protein)
balst/o
germ, bud, developing cell
gluc/o
sweet, sugar
meat/o
opening, passage
nephr/o
kidney
pyel/o
renal pelvis
ren/o
kidney
ureter/o
ureter
urethr/o
urethra
ur/o, urin/o
urine
dia-
through
azot/o
urea, nitrogen
glycos/o
sweet, sugar
ket/o, keton/o
ketone
noct/o
night
olig/o
few in number
py/o
pus
-uresis
urination
-uria
pertaining to urine, urination
spedias/o
rip, tear
sten/o
narrow
-cele
hernia, swelling, protrusion
meat/o
opening, passage
peritone/o
to stretch over, peritoneum
vesic/o
bladder
-pexy
surgical fixation, suspension
-tripsy
surgical crushing
vesicourethral
A surgery that is performed to stabilize the position of the urinary bladder is called a vesicourethral suspension. Performed to treat stress incontinence
urethrostomy, urethrotomy
A surgical creation of an opening through the urethra. Performed to provide an alternate exit route for urine
urethropexy
Surgical fixation of the urethra. To correct stress incontinence
renography
an examination that uses nuclear medicine by IV injection of the radioactive material into the patients kidney
specific gravity
the measurement of the density of substances in liquid compared to water. Urine sample helps to reveal the efficiency of renal filtration and the reabsorption of water
pyelolithotomy
Surgery to remove kidney stone. Incision into the kidney
pyeloplasty
surgical repair of the renal pelvis
nephrolysis
A surgical procedure during which abnormal adhesions are removed from the kidney, loosening the organ.
nephropexy
Surgical fixation of a kidney is sometimes necessary if the kidney is abnormally loose
peritoneal dialysis
processes fluids and electrolytes by artificial filtration
nephrology
The medical field that studies and treats disorders associated with the kidneys
lithotripsy
sound waves to pulverize or dissolve stones
hemodialysis
procedure that pushes a patients blood through permeable membranes within an instrument. to remove nitrogenous wastes and excess ions
cystostomy
surgical creation of an artificial opening into the urinary bladder. To provide an alternate exit pathway for urine
cystotomy
incision through the urinary bladder wall
cystoscopy
A procedure using a modified endoscope to view the interior of the urinary bladder
cystolithotomy
A procedure in which an incision is made through the urinary bladder bladder wall to remove a stone
cystoplasty
surgical repar of the urinary bladder
cystorrhaphy
suturing the urinary bladder wall
cystectomy
surgical removal of the urinary bladder
acute kidney injury
a rapid-onset disease of the kidneys resulting in a failure to produce urine. Caused by physical injury, septic shock, severe dehydration, or surgical complications
cystitis
Inflammation of the urinary bladder
cystocele
herniation of the urinary bladder, in females the protrusion goes into the vagina
end-stage kidney disease
failure of both kidneys to form urine from any cause (ESKD)
cystolith
kidney stone
enuresis
an involuntary release of urine, which usually occurs due to a lack of bladder control among children or the elderly. During sleep: nocturnal enuresis
epispadias
A congenital defect resulting in the abnormal positioning of the urinary meatus
glomerulonephritis
a disease of the glomerulus (ball of specialized capillaries within a kidney nephron)
hydronephrosis
the exit to urine out of the kidneys becomes blocked the urine backs up and causes distension of the renal pelvis
hypospadias
change in location of the urinary meatus
incontinence
the inability to control urination, stress incontinence: an involuntary discharge of urine occurs during a cough sneeze or strained movement
nephritis
inflammation of a kidney, may be caused by an autoimmune response or allergic reaction
nephroblastoma
is a tumor originating from kidney tissues that includes developing embryonic cells also called Wilm’s tumor
nephrolithiasis
the presence of one or more stones or calculi within a kidney
nephroma
a general term for a tumor arising from kidney tissue
nephromegaly
an abnormal enlargement of one or both kidneys
nephropathy
a severe condition of a kidney that leads to end-stage kidney disease
nephroptosis
the condition of a downward displacement of a kidney
polycystic
a kidney condition characterized by the presence of numerous cysts occupying much of the kidney tissue resulting in a loss of kidney function
pyelitis
inflammation of the renal pelvis usually caused by a bacterial infection
pyelonephritis
an inflammatory condition of the renal pelvis and nephrons
strictures
a condition of abnormal narrowing, ureteral stricture: ureter is narrowed, urethral stricture: urethra is narrowed, ureterovesical stricture: the junction of the ureter and bladder is narrowed. Also called ureterostenosis
uremia
an excess of urea and other nitrogenous wastes are present in the blood. Caused by the failure of the kidneys to remove urea and associated with renal insufficiency or renal failure
ureteritis
inflammation of the ureter often the result of a bacterial infection
ureterocele
a herniated ureter
ureterolithiasis
the presence of one or more stones within a ureter
urinary retention
the abnormal accumulation of urine within the urinary bladder
albuminuria
albumin is a protein normally present in the bloodstream, if it appears in the urine it is a physical sign of abnormal renal filtration
anuria
the inability to pass urine, a sign of kidney disease and is defined as the production of less than 100mL of urine per day
azotemia
the sign of abnormally high levels of urea and other nitrogen-containing compounds in the bloods
bacteriuria
the abnormal presence of bacteria in the urine is a sign of UTI
disuresis
the temporary excessive discharge of urine, may be induced with drugs called diuretics
dysuria
difficulty or pain experienced during urination, symptom of UTI
gylcosuria
the abnormal presence of glucose in the urine is a sign of endocrine disease such as diabetes
hematuria
the abnormal presence of blood in the urine is a sign of urinary disease
ketonuria
the abnormal presence of ketone bodies in the urine, common sign of a metabolic disorder, high-protien/low-carb diet, starvation, diabetes
nocturia
the need to urinate frequently at night is a symptom of diabetes
oliguria
reduced urination becomes a clinical problem when the volume of urine declines to less than 500mL within a 24 hour period
polyuria
chronic excessive urination is a common sign of an endocrine disease, usually diabetes
proteinuria
presence of any protein in the urine
pyuria
pus in the urine, indicating a urinary tract infection
