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HTH210- Medical Terminology > CHAPTER 11: the urinary system > Flashcards

CHAPTER 11: the urinary system Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

albumin/o

A

albumin (a protein)

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2
Q

balst/o

A

germ, bud, developing cell

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3
Q

gluc/o

A

sweet, sugar

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4
Q

meat/o

A

opening, passage

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5
Q

nephr/o

A

kidney

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6
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

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7
Q

ren/o

A

kidney

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8
Q

ureter/o

A

ureter

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9
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

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10
Q

ur/o, urin/o

A

urine

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11
Q

dia-

A

through

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12
Q

azot/o

A

urea, nitrogen

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13
Q

glycos/o

A

sweet, sugar

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14
Q

ket/o, keton/o

A

ketone

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15
Q

noct/o

A

night

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16
Q

olig/o

A

few in number

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17
Q

py/o

A

pus

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18
Q

-uresis

A

urination

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19
Q

-uria

A

pertaining to urine, urination

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20
Q

spedias/o

A

rip, tear

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21
Q

sten/o

A

narrow

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22
Q

-cele

A

hernia, swelling, protrusion

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23
Q

meat/o

A

opening, passage

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24
Q

peritone/o

A

to stretch over, peritoneum

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25
Q

vesic/o

A

bladder

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26
Q

-pexy

A

surgical fixation, suspension

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27
Q

-tripsy

A

surgical crushing

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28
Q

vesicourethral

A

A surgery that is performed to stabilize the position of the urinary bladder is called a vesicourethral suspension. Performed to treat stress incontinence

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29
Q

urethrostomy, urethrotomy

A

A surgical creation of an opening through the urethra. Performed to provide an alternate exit route for urine

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30
Q

urethropexy

A

Surgical fixation of the urethra. To correct stress incontinence

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31
Q

renography

A

an examination that uses nuclear medicine by IV injection of the radioactive material into the patients kidney

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32
Q

specific gravity

A

the measurement of the density of substances in liquid compared to water. Urine sample helps to reveal the efficiency of renal filtration and the reabsorption of water

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33
Q

pyelolithotomy

A

Surgery to remove kidney stone. Incision into the kidney

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34
Q

pyeloplasty

A

surgical repair of the renal pelvis

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35
Q

nephrolysis

A

A surgical procedure during which abnormal adhesions are removed from the kidney, loosening the organ.

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36
Q

nephropexy

A

Surgical fixation of a kidney is sometimes necessary if the kidney is abnormally loose

37
Q

peritoneal dialysis

A

processes fluids and electrolytes by artificial filtration

38
Q

nephrology

A

The medical field that studies and treats disorders associated with the kidneys

39
Q

lithotripsy

A

sound waves to pulverize or dissolve stones

40
Q

hemodialysis

A

procedure that pushes a patients blood through permeable membranes within an instrument. to remove nitrogenous wastes and excess ions

41
Q

cystostomy

A

surgical creation of an artificial opening into the urinary bladder. To provide an alternate exit pathway for urine

42
Q

cystotomy

A

incision through the urinary bladder wall

43
Q

cystoscopy

A

A procedure using a modified endoscope to view the interior of the urinary bladder

44
Q

cystolithotomy

A

A procedure in which an incision is made through the urinary bladder bladder wall to remove a stone

45
Q

cystoplasty

A

surgical repar of the urinary bladder

46
Q

cystorrhaphy

A

suturing the urinary bladder wall

47
Q

cystectomy

A

surgical removal of the urinary bladder

48
Q

acute kidney injury

A

a rapid-onset disease of the kidneys resulting in a failure to produce urine. Caused by physical injury, septic shock, severe dehydration, or surgical complications

49
Q

cystitis

A

Inflammation of the urinary bladder

50
Q

cystocele

A

herniation of the urinary bladder, in females the protrusion goes into the vagina

51
Q

end-stage kidney disease

A

failure of both kidneys to form urine from any cause (ESKD)

52
Q

cystolith

A

kidney stone

53
Q

enuresis

A

an involuntary release of urine, which usually occurs due to a lack of bladder control among children or the elderly. During sleep: nocturnal enuresis

54
Q

epispadias

A

A congenital defect resulting in the abnormal positioning of the urinary meatus

55
Q

glomerulonephritis

A

a disease of the glomerulus (ball of specialized capillaries within a kidney nephron)

56
Q

hydronephrosis

A

the exit to urine out of the kidneys becomes blocked the urine backs up and causes distension of the renal pelvis

57
Q

hypospadias

A

change in location of the urinary meatus

58
Q

incontinence

A

the inability to control urination, stress incontinence: an involuntary discharge of urine occurs during a cough sneeze or strained movement

59
Q

nephritis

A

inflammation of a kidney, may be caused by an autoimmune response or allergic reaction

60
Q

nephroblastoma

A

is a tumor originating from kidney tissues that includes developing embryonic cells also called Wilm’s tumor

61
Q

nephrolithiasis

A

the presence of one or more stones or calculi within a kidney

62
Q

nephroma

A

a general term for a tumor arising from kidney tissue

63
Q

nephromegaly

A

an abnormal enlargement of one or both kidneys

64
Q

nephropathy

A

a severe condition of a kidney that leads to end-stage kidney disease

65
Q

nephroptosis

A

the condition of a downward displacement of a kidney

66
Q

polycystic

A

a kidney condition characterized by the presence of numerous cysts occupying much of the kidney tissue resulting in a loss of kidney function

67
Q

pyelitis

A

inflammation of the renal pelvis usually caused by a bacterial infection

68
Q

pyelonephritis

A

an inflammatory condition of the renal pelvis and nephrons

69
Q

strictures

A

a condition of abnormal narrowing, ureteral stricture: ureter is narrowed, urethral stricture: urethra is narrowed, ureterovesical stricture: the junction of the ureter and bladder is narrowed. Also called ureterostenosis

70
Q

uremia

A

an excess of urea and other nitrogenous wastes are present in the blood. Caused by the failure of the kidneys to remove urea and associated with renal insufficiency or renal failure

71
Q

ureteritis

A

inflammation of the ureter often the result of a bacterial infection

72
Q

ureterocele

A

a herniated ureter

73
Q

ureterolithiasis

A

the presence of one or more stones within a ureter

74
Q

urinary retention

A

the abnormal accumulation of urine within the urinary bladder

75
Q

albuminuria

A

albumin is a protein normally present in the bloodstream, if it appears in the urine it is a physical sign of abnormal renal filtration

76
Q

anuria

A

the inability to pass urine, a sign of kidney disease and is defined as the production of less than 100mL of urine per day

77
Q

azotemia

A

the sign of abnormally high levels of urea and other nitrogen-containing compounds in the bloods

78
Q

bacteriuria

A

the abnormal presence of bacteria in the urine is a sign of UTI

79
Q

disuresis

A

the temporary excessive discharge of urine, may be induced with drugs called diuretics

80
Q

dysuria

A

difficulty or pain experienced during urination, symptom of UTI

81
Q

gylcosuria

A

the abnormal presence of glucose in the urine is a sign of endocrine disease such as diabetes

82
Q

hematuria

A

the abnormal presence of blood in the urine is a sign of urinary disease

83
Q

ketonuria

A

the abnormal presence of ketone bodies in the urine, common sign of a metabolic disorder, high-protien/low-carb diet, starvation, diabetes

84
Q

nocturia

A

the need to urinate frequently at night is a symptom of diabetes

85
Q

oliguria

A

reduced urination becomes a clinical problem when the volume of urine declines to less than 500mL within a 24 hour period

86
Q

polyuria

A

chronic excessive urination is a common sign of an endocrine disease, usually diabetes

87
Q

proteinuria

A

presence of any protein in the urine

88
Q

pyuria

A

pus in the urine, indicating a urinary tract infection

HTH210- Medical Terminology (12 decks)

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