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HTH210- Medical Terminology > CHAPTER 13: nervous system and mental health > Flashcards

CHAPTER 13: nervous system and mental health Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

cephal/o

A

head

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2
Q

cerebell/o

A

little brain, cerebellum

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3
Q

cerebr/o

A

brain, cerebrum

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4
Q

crani/o

A

sull, cranium

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5
Q

encephal/o

A

brain

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6
Q

gangli/o

A

swelling, knot

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7
Q

mening/i(/o)

A

membrane

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8
Q

myel/o

A

spinal cord, medulla, myelin

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9
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

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10
Q

phren/o

A

mind

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11
Q

psych/o

A

mind

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12
Q

radic/o, radicul/o

A

nerve root

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13
Q

vag/o

A

vagus nerve

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14
Q

ventricul/o

A

little belly, ventricle

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15
Q

cephal/o

A

head

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16
Q

esthesi/o

A

sensation

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17
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

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18
Q

phasi/o

A

to speak

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19
Q

-algesia

A

pain

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20
Q

par-

A

alongside, abnormal

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21
Q

hemi-

A

half

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22
Q

ather/o

A

fatty plaque

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23
Q

embol/o

A

plug

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24
Q

gli/o

A

glue

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25
Q

gnos/o

A

knowledge

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26
Q

narc/o

A

numbness

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27
Q

poli/o

A

gray

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28
Q

angi/o

A

blood vessel

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29
Q

ech/o

A

sound

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30
Q

radic/o

A

nerve root

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31
Q

rhiz/o

A

nerve root

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32
Q

-iatry

A

treatment, speciality

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33
Q

ment/o

A

mind

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34
Q

schiz/o

A

to divide, split

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35
Q

-lexia

A

pertaining to a word or phrase

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36
Q

aphasia

A

the inability to speak

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37
Q

cephalalgia

A

clinical term for headache

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38
Q

convulsion

A

a series of involuntary muscular spasms caused by an uncoordinated excitation of motor neurons, sign of a neurological disease also called seizure

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39
Q

hyperalgesia

A

an excessive sensitivity to painful stimuli the symptom is a deficient sensitivity to normally painful stimuli

40
Q

hperesthesia

A

an excessive sensitivity to a stimulus, such as a touch, sound, or pain

41
Q

neuralgia

A

nerve pain

42
Q

neurasthenia

A

generalized experience of body fatigue, which is often associated with depression (chronic fatigue, dysphoria)

43
Q

paresthesia

A

an abnormal sensation of numbness and tingling caused by an injury to one or more nerves

44
Q

syncope

A

temporary loss of consciousness due to a sudden reduction of blood flow to the brain. Fainting. Greek word meaning sudden loss of strength

45
Q

agnosia

A

the loss of the ability to interpret sensory information

46
Q

Alzheimer disease

A

gradual deterioration, confusion, short-term memory loss, restlessness

47
Q

autism

A

“disease of self” withdrawal from outward reality and impaired development in social conduct and communication

48
Q

Bell palsy

A

palsy is a condition of muscular paralysis, in this case patient suffers from paralysis of the face muscles on one side due to damage of the 7th cranial nerve

49
Q

cerebellitis

A

an inflammation of the cerebellum. Symptoms include a loss of musle coordination and equilibrium

50
Q

cerebral aneurysm

A

circulatory problem caused by the weakened wall blood vessel, resulting in a bulge in the wall that is in danger of bursting, bursting causes stroke

51
Q

cerebral atherosclerosis

A

affects arteries supplying the brain, the vessels gradually close due to the accumulation of fatty plaques, reducing the flow of blood to the brain. Increases the risk of stroke from cerebral thrombosis

52
Q

cerebral hemorrhage

A

bleeding from the blood vessels associated with the cerebrum

53
Q

cerebral palsy

A

appears at birth or shortly after, caused by a brain lesion or brain defect

54
Q

cerebrovascular accident

A

CVA, when the blood supply to the brain is reduced or cut off, resulting in the irreversible death of brain cells followed by lose of mental function or death

55
Q

concussion

A

latin word that means shaking concussio, injury to soft tissue resulting from a blow or violent shaking

56
Q

encephalitis

A

a greek word fro brain is encephalos, inflammation of the brain, usually caused by bacterial or viral infection

57
Q

encephalomalacia

A

softening of the brain tissue, usually caused by deficient blood flow to the brain

58
Q

glioma

A

A neoplasm of glial cells becomes life threatening when it crowds out functional neurons

59
Q

hydrocephalus

A

head water, congenital disease caused by an abnormally increased volume of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain ventricles of a child before the cranial sutures have sealed, resulting in enlargement of the cranium and, in many cases brain damage. CSF shunt

60
Q

meningioma

A

tumor of the meninges

61
Q

meningitis

A

inflammation usually caused by a bacterial or viral infection

62
Q

multiple sclerosis

A

a disease characterized by the deterioration of the myelin sheath covering axons within the brain

63
Q

myelitis

A

inflammation of the spinal cord usually caused by a bacterial infection result in paralysis or sensory loss

64
Q

narcolepsy

A

A sleep disorder characterized by sudden uncontrollable episodes of sleep, attacks of paralysis and hypnagogic hallucinations “numb seizure”

65
Q

neuritis

A

inflammation of a nerve usually caused by infection of the connective tissue coverings surrounding a nerve, or physical injury

66
Q

neuroma

A

tumor originating from the nuerons

67
Q

neuropathy

A

damage to the peripheral nerves due to any cause

68
Q

parkinsons disease

A

degenerative disease tremors, rigidity and shuffling gait

69
Q

poliomyelitis

A

caused by one of several viruses belonging to the family poliovirus, inflammation of gray matter of the spinal chord often resulting in paralysis. Polio

70
Q

ventriculitis

A

the condition of inflammation of the ventricles of the brain most common cause is a blockage of one of the channels that carry cerebrospinal fluid

71
Q

analgesic

A

most common form of pain management, analgesic such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and acetaminophen

72
Q

Anesthesia

A

“Without the condition of sensation” blend of narcotics

73
Q

Cerebral angiography

A

Diagnostic procedure that reveals blood flow to the brain by X-ray photography

74
Q

Computed tomography

A

A procedure involving the use of a computer to interpret a series of X-ray images and construct from them a three-dimensional view of the brain

75
Q

Craniectomy

A

The surgical removal of part of the bony cranium preformed to replace a fractured cranial bone

76
Q

Craniotomy

A

An incision made through the cranium to provide surgical access to the brain

77
Q

Echoencephalography

A

Ultrasound technology used to record brain structures in the search for abnormalities. EchoEG

78
Q

Effectual drug therapy

A

A general type of treatment used to manage neurological disorders examples include antianxiety medication, anticonvulsant, antipyretics, antipsychotics etc.

79
Q

Electroencephalography

A

A diagnostic procedure that records electrical impulses of the brain to measure brain activity is and EEG

80
Q

Epidural

A

Injection of a spinal block anesthetic into the epidural space external to the spinal cord. It is a common procedure to manage pain during painful childbirth labor or as emergency procedure following severe trauma to the pelvic region

81
Q

Evoke potential studies

A

A group of diagnostic tests that measures changes in brain waves during particular stimuli to determine brain function. EP studies

82
Q

Ganglionectomy

A

Surgical removal of the ganglion

83
Q

Lumbar puncture

A

The withdrawal of CSF from the subarachnoid space in the lumbar region

84
Q

Magnetic resonance imaging

A

MRI

85
Q

Myelogram

A

An X-ray photograph of the spinal cord following injection of contrast dye

86
Q

Neurectomy

A

Surgical removal of a nerve

87
Q

Neurolysis

A

Procedure of separating a nerve by removing unwanted adhesions

88
Q

Neuroplasty

A

Surgical repair of a nerve

89
Q

Neurorraphy

A

Suture of a nerve

90
Q

Neurotomy

A

Incision into a nerve

91
Q

Radicotomy

A

Surgical incision into a nerve root also called rhizotomy

92
Q

reflex testing

A

a series of diagnostic tests preformed to observe the body’s response to touch stimuli, including deep tendon reflexes patellar and babinski in foot

93
Q

tPA

A

a treatment for stroke a powerful chemical dissolves blood clots in vessels supplying the is known as tissue plasminogen activator. Administered within 3 hour of a stroke may reopen blood flow to brain

94
Q

vagotomy

A

several branches of the vagus nerve are severed to reduce acid secretion into the stomach in an effort to prevent reoccurrence of a peptic ulcer

95
Q

neurosis

A

an emotional disorder involving a counterproductive way of dealing with mental stress

HTH210- Medical Terminology (12 decks)

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