CHAPTER 13: nervous system and mental health Flashcards
cephal/o
head
cerebell/o
little brain, cerebellum
cerebr/o
brain, cerebrum
crani/o
sull, cranium
encephal/o
brain
gangli/o
swelling, knot
mening/i(/o)
membrane
myel/o
spinal cord, medulla, myelin
neur/o
nerve
phren/o
mind
psych/o
mind
radic/o, radicul/o
nerve root
vag/o
vagus nerve
ventricul/o
little belly, ventricle
cephal/o
head
esthesi/o
sensation
neur/o
nerve
phasi/o
to speak
-algesia
pain
par-
alongside, abnormal
hemi-
half
ather/o
fatty plaque
embol/o
plug
gli/o
glue
gnos/o
knowledge
narc/o
numbness
poli/o
gray
angi/o
blood vessel
ech/o
sound
radic/o
nerve root
rhiz/o
nerve root
-iatry
treatment, speciality
ment/o
mind
schiz/o
to divide, split
-lexia
pertaining to a word or phrase
aphasia
the inability to speak
cephalalgia
clinical term for headache
convulsion
a series of involuntary muscular spasms caused by an uncoordinated excitation of motor neurons, sign of a neurological disease also called seizure
hyperalgesia
an excessive sensitivity to painful stimuli the symptom is a deficient sensitivity to normally painful stimuli
hperesthesia
an excessive sensitivity to a stimulus, such as a touch, sound, or pain
neuralgia
nerve pain
neurasthenia
generalized experience of body fatigue, which is often associated with depression (chronic fatigue, dysphoria)
paresthesia
an abnormal sensation of numbness and tingling caused by an injury to one or more nerves
syncope
temporary loss of consciousness due to a sudden reduction of blood flow to the brain. Fainting. Greek word meaning sudden loss of strength
agnosia
the loss of the ability to interpret sensory information
Alzheimer disease
gradual deterioration, confusion, short-term memory loss, restlessness
autism
“disease of self” withdrawal from outward reality and impaired development in social conduct and communication
Bell palsy
palsy is a condition of muscular paralysis, in this case patient suffers from paralysis of the face muscles on one side due to damage of the 7th cranial nerve
cerebellitis
an inflammation of the cerebellum. Symptoms include a loss of musle coordination and equilibrium
cerebral aneurysm
circulatory problem caused by the weakened wall blood vessel, resulting in a bulge in the wall that is in danger of bursting, bursting causes stroke
cerebral atherosclerosis
affects arteries supplying the brain, the vessels gradually close due to the accumulation of fatty plaques, reducing the flow of blood to the brain. Increases the risk of stroke from cerebral thrombosis
cerebral hemorrhage
bleeding from the blood vessels associated with the cerebrum
cerebral palsy
appears at birth or shortly after, caused by a brain lesion or brain defect
cerebrovascular accident
CVA, when the blood supply to the brain is reduced or cut off, resulting in the irreversible death of brain cells followed by lose of mental function or death
concussion
latin word that means shaking concussio, injury to soft tissue resulting from a blow or violent shaking
encephalitis
a greek word fro brain is encephalos, inflammation of the brain, usually caused by bacterial or viral infection
encephalomalacia
softening of the brain tissue, usually caused by deficient blood flow to the brain
glioma
A neoplasm of glial cells becomes life threatening when it crowds out functional neurons
hydrocephalus
head water, congenital disease caused by an abnormally increased volume of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain ventricles of a child before the cranial sutures have sealed, resulting in enlargement of the cranium and, in many cases brain damage. CSF shunt
meningioma
tumor of the meninges
meningitis
inflammation usually caused by a bacterial or viral infection
multiple sclerosis
a disease characterized by the deterioration of the myelin sheath covering axons within the brain
myelitis
inflammation of the spinal cord usually caused by a bacterial infection result in paralysis or sensory loss
narcolepsy
A sleep disorder characterized by sudden uncontrollable episodes of sleep, attacks of paralysis and hypnagogic hallucinations “numb seizure”
neuritis
inflammation of a nerve usually caused by infection of the connective tissue coverings surrounding a nerve, or physical injury
neuroma
tumor originating from the nuerons
neuropathy
damage to the peripheral nerves due to any cause
parkinsons disease
degenerative disease tremors, rigidity and shuffling gait
poliomyelitis
caused by one of several viruses belonging to the family poliovirus, inflammation of gray matter of the spinal chord often resulting in paralysis. Polio
ventriculitis
the condition of inflammation of the ventricles of the brain most common cause is a blockage of one of the channels that carry cerebrospinal fluid
analgesic
most common form of pain management, analgesic such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and acetaminophen
Anesthesia
“Without the condition of sensation” blend of narcotics
Cerebral angiography
Diagnostic procedure that reveals blood flow to the brain by X-ray photography
Computed tomography
A procedure involving the use of a computer to interpret a series of X-ray images and construct from them a three-dimensional view of the brain
Craniectomy
The surgical removal of part of the bony cranium preformed to replace a fractured cranial bone
Craniotomy
An incision made through the cranium to provide surgical access to the brain
Echoencephalography
Ultrasound technology used to record brain structures in the search for abnormalities. EchoEG
Effectual drug therapy
A general type of treatment used to manage neurological disorders examples include antianxiety medication, anticonvulsant, antipyretics, antipsychotics etc.
Electroencephalography
A diagnostic procedure that records electrical impulses of the brain to measure brain activity is and EEG
Epidural
Injection of a spinal block anesthetic into the epidural space external to the spinal cord. It is a common procedure to manage pain during painful childbirth labor or as emergency procedure following severe trauma to the pelvic region
Evoke potential studies
A group of diagnostic tests that measures changes in brain waves during particular stimuli to determine brain function. EP studies
Ganglionectomy
Surgical removal of the ganglion
Lumbar puncture
The withdrawal of CSF from the subarachnoid space in the lumbar region
Magnetic resonance imaging
MRI
Myelogram
An X-ray photograph of the spinal cord following injection of contrast dye
Neurectomy
Surgical removal of a nerve
Neurolysis
Procedure of separating a nerve by removing unwanted adhesions
Neuroplasty
Surgical repair of a nerve
Neurorraphy
Suture of a nerve
Neurotomy
Incision into a nerve
Radicotomy
Surgical incision into a nerve root also called rhizotomy
reflex testing
a series of diagnostic tests preformed to observe the body’s response to touch stimuli, including deep tendon reflexes patellar and babinski in foot
tPA
a treatment for stroke a powerful chemical dissolves blood clots in vessels supplying the is known as tissue plasminogen activator. Administered within 3 hour of a stroke may reopen blood flow to brain
vagotomy
several branches of the vagus nerve are severed to reduce acid secretion into the stomach in an effort to prevent reoccurrence of a peptic ulcer
neurosis
an emotional disorder involving a counterproductive way of dealing with mental stress
