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HTH210- Medical Terminology > CHAPTER 10: the digestive system > Flashcards

CHAPTER 10: the digestive system Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

an/o

A

anus

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2
Q

bil/i

A

bile

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3
Q

cec/o

A

blind intestine, cecum

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4
Q

chol/e

A

bile, gall

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5
Q

choledoch/o

A

common bile duct

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6
Q

col/o, colon/o

A

colon

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7
Q

dent/o

A

teeth

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8
Q

duoden/o

A

twelve, duodenum

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9
Q

enter/o

A

small intestine

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10
Q

gingiv/o

A

gums

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11
Q

gloss/o

A

tounge

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12
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

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13
Q

ile/o

A

to toll, ileum

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14
Q

jejun/o

A

empty, jejunum

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15
Q

lingu/o

A

tongue

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16
Q

or/o

A

mouth

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17
Q

pancreat/o

A

sweetbread, pancreas

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18
Q

peps/p, pept/o

A

digestion

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19
Q

peritone/o

A

to stretch over, peritoneum

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20
Q

proct/o

A

rectum or anus

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21
Q

pylor/o

A

pylorus

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22
Q

rect/o

A

rectum

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23
Q

sial/o

A

saliva

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24
Q

sigm/o

A

the letter s, sigmold colon

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25
Q

stomat/o

A

mouth

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26
Q

dia-

A

through

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27
Q

flux/o

A

flow

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28
Q

halit/o

A

breath

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29
Q

phag/o

A

eat, swallow

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30
Q

steat/o

A

fat

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31
Q

aphagia

A

a-, without, absence of
phag/o, to eat, swallow
-ia, condition of
condition of the inability to swallow

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32
Q

ascites

A

from the greek word for “bag” askos
accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity that produces an enlarged abdomen
sign of liver disease and congestive heart failure, or irritation to the peritoneum

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33
Q

dyspepsia

A

dys-, bad, abnormal, difficult
peps/o, digestion
-ia, condition of
condition of difficult digestion

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34
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

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35
Q

flatus

A

flatus latin word that means “a blowing”

FART

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36
Q

gastrodynia

A

stomach pain, abdominal pain

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37
Q

halitosis

A

halit/o, breath
-osis, condition of
Bad breath

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38
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting blood
-emesis, vomiting
peptic ulcer, or stomach cancer

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39
Q

hepatomegaly

A

abnormal enlargement of the liver a sign of liver disease

40
Q

reflux

A

throwing up, back flow

41
Q

steatorrhea

A

discharge of fat

abnormal levels of fat in feces, sign of digestive malfunction

42
Q

cheil/o

A

lip

43
Q

cholecyst/o

A

gallbladder

44
Q

cirrh/o

A

orange

45
Q

diverticul/o

A

diverticulum

46
Q

orex/o

A

appetite

47
Q

polyp/o

A

small growth

48
Q

-ectasis

A

expansion or dilation

49
Q

-oid

A

resembling

50
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

an-, without absence of
orex/o, appetite
absence of an appetite

51
Q

chelitis

A

inflammation of the lip

52
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation of the gallbladder caused by gallstones

53
Q

choledochitis

A

inflammation of the bile duct

54
Q

cholelithiasis

A

gallstones

55
Q

cirrhosis

A

A chronic progressive liver disease, gradual loss of liver cells replaced by fat
“Condition of orange”
alcohol abuse or hepatitis

56
Q

colitis

A

inflammation of the colon (portion of L.I)

bloody diarrhea

57
Q

Crohn disease

A

chronic inflammation of the GI tract

58
Q

diverticulosis

A

small pouches called diverticula from on the wall of the colon
mild bowl discomfort
but in this case the pouches become inflamed causing more pain and possibly colorectal cancer

59
Q

dysentery

A

an acute inflammation of the FI tract that is caused by bacteria, protozoa, or chemical irritant
severe diarrhea

60
Q

enteritis

A

inflammation of the small or large intestine

61
Q

gastrectasis

A

abnormal stretching, or dilation of the stomach

62
Q

gastroesophageal

A

GERD ge reflux disease

result of a weakened esophageal sphincter

63
Q

gastromalacia

A

softening of the stomach caused by stomach cancer or diseases

64
Q

giardiasis

A

infection by the intestinal protozoa Giardia intestinalis or Grairdia lamblia
diarrhea, cramps, nausea and vomiting
caused by drinking contaminated water

65
Q

glossitis

A

disease of the tounge

66
Q

hemorrhoids

A

painful swellings of the veins in the anus

67
Q

hepatitis

A

a viral-induced inflammation of the liver

68
Q

hepatoma

A

tumor of liver cells

69
Q

hernia

A

abnormal protrusion through a body wall

70
Q

inflammatory bowel disease IBD

A

ulcerative colitis crohn disease

71
Q

intussusception

A

infolding of a segment of the small intestine within another segment

72
Q

Malabsorption syndrome

A

Difficulty absorbing one or more nutrients for example celiacs disease

73
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Inflammation of the pancreas caused by tumor or bacterial infection

74
Q

Parotitis

A

Large salivary glands are called parotid glands inflammation of one or both if caused by
Virus: mumps
Also called sialoandentitis

75
Q

Peptic ulcer

A

Erosion of the inner wall of an organ along the GI tract

76
Q

Peritonitis

A

Inflammation of the Peritoneum is the extensive membrane that lines the inner wall of the abdominopelvic cavity
Response to infection
Life threatening

77
Q

Polyposis

A

Any abnormal mass of tissue that projects inward from a wall of a hollow organ is called a polyp
Increases the risk of colorectal cancer

78
Q

Proctitis

A

Proct/o, rectum or anus

Inflammation

79
Q

Proctoptosis

A

Dropping or prolapse of the rectum

80
Q

Volvulus

A

A severe twisting of the intestine that leads to obstruction
From Greek word to roll

81
Q

Acid/o

A

pH less than 7

82
Q

Fec/o

A

Feces

83
Q

Abdominocentesis

A

-centesis, surgical puncture

Surgical puncture through the abdominal wall to remove fluid

84
Q

Antiemetic

A

An drug that prevents or stops the vomiting reflex

85
Q

Antispasmodic

A

A drug that reduces peristalsis activity in the GI tract
Arresting muscular spasms involved in diarrhea
Increasing water absorption in the colon

86
Q

Bariatric surgery

A

Smaller stomach

87
Q

Cathartic

A

An agent that stimulates strong waves of peristalsis
Derived from the Greek word katharos meaning purging or cleansing
Laxative

88
Q

Cheilorrhaphy

A

Rraphy means to suture

Suturing of a lip

89
Q

Cholecystectomy

A

Surgical removal of the gallbladder

90
Q

Cholecystogram

A

X-ray image of gallbladder

91
Q

Choledocholithotomy

A

Surgical removal of gall stone

92
Q

Gavage

A

Feeding tube

93
Q

Glossorraphy

A

Surgery to repair a severe wound in the tongue

94
Q

Laparotomy

A

Lapara Greek word for soft abdomen

Incision through abdominal wall

95
Q

Pyloroplasty

A

Surgical repair of the pyloric region of the stomach

HTH210- Medical Terminology (12 decks)

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