Chapter 9 - The Reformation Flashcards
What was the tithe?
The tithe was a tax all Christians had to pay to the church. Each Christian had to pay one tenth of their annual income to the church, this made the Catholic Church very wealthy.
Where were the majority of the Protestants from?
They mainly lived in Northern European countries such as Sweeden, Hooland,mGermany and England.
Where were the majority of the Catholics from?
They mainly lived in Southern European countries such as Spain, Portugal and Italy.
How was the Catholic Church run?
The Catholic Church was run by a hierarchy, which simply means order of important people. The Pope was at the top, followed by the Cardinals, Archbishops and Bishops.
Name the four Abuses.
Nepotism, Simony, Pluralism and Absenteeism, and The Sale of Indulgences.
Explain ‘Nepotism’.
Nepotism was when the hierarchy appointed family members as parish priests and bishops, when they were not qualified or trained.
Explain ‘Simony’.
Simony means bribery. Popes often accepted payment to appoint cardinals; who accepted payment to appoint bishops; who accepted payment to appoint parish priests.
Explain ‘Pluralism’.
Pluralism was when priests and bishops wanted to control more then one parish or diocese. The more parishes or diocese he controlled, the richer he became.
Explain ‘Absenteeism’.
Absenteeism is when people are left without a priest or bishop to offer them spiritual guidance, because they are in another one of their parishes or diocese.
What was ‘Purgatory’?
Purgatory was a place between heaven and hell where people were sent to be punished for their sins before going to heaven.
Explain the term ‘Indulgence’.
Indulgences were prayers from members of the clergy for people to avoid going to Purgatory. People paid large sums of money to avoid it.
Who went to Germany to sell indulgences?
Dominican Friar, John Tetzel, went to Germany to sell indulgences for the Pope. For half the money earned, the Archbishop of Mainz, Luther’s Archbishop, gave Tetzel permission to sell indulgences in his area. Luther was appalled.
What did Luther nail to the the door of the church in Wittenberg?
He nailed 95 theses against the sale of indulgences which objected to the idea that money could buy salvation and to the building of cathedrals like St Peter’s Basilica.
In what year and from whom did Luther receive his papal bull?
In 1520, Luther received a papal bull from Leo X, called W
Exurge Domini, warning Luther to back down.
What did Luther do to his papal bull?
He publicly burned it, causing Pope Leo X to excommunicate Luther from the church.
