Chapter 9 - Martin Luther Flashcards
When was he born?
Martin Luther was born in 1483 in Saxony, Germany.
What order did he join?
He joined the Augustinian Order and trained to be a priest.
Where did he teach?
He taught in the University of Wittenberg.
What did Luther believe was the only way to get to heaven?
Luther believed in ‘Justification of Faith Alone’ and that buying indulgences could not make it easier to get to heaven.
Who was sent to Germany to sell indulgences?
John Tetzel was sent to Germany to sell indulgences for the Pope.
Why did Luther write a letter to his Archbishop?
Because he was appalled that his Archbishop would allow Tetzel sell indulgences in his diocese.
Why did Luther write 95 theses?
He wrote 95 Theses and nailed them to a church door because his letter was ignored. They objected to the idea that mo ye could buy salvation and to the building of great churches like St Peter’s.
When did he debate his ideas with John Eck?
1519
What is a papal bull?
A papal bull was an official letter from the Pope. Luther received one called Exurge Domini, telling him to recant his criticism. Luther publicly burnt the letter, so he was excommunicated from the church.
What happened after he received the papal bull?
Charles V, emperor of Germany, held the Diet of Worms. Luther was called and told to recant. He declined and was declared an outlaw by the Edict of Worms.
What did Fredrick, Elector of Saxony do?
Fredrick brought him to his castle in Wartburg and protected him from his enemies.
What were Luther’s beliefs? (5)
- ‘Justification by Faith Alone’:only way to heaven was to believe
- Priests can marry
- Bible in vernacular
- 2 Sacraments
- Consubstanciation: bread and wine changed to body and blood but still stayed the same.
What was the Treaty of Augsburg?
This treaty needed the war of Religion in Germany. It meant that each prince could choose the religion of its people. Many people emigrated.
