Chapter 9 The Executive Branch and the Federal Bureacracy Flashcards

1
Q

The thousands of federal government agencies and institutions that implement and administer federal laws and programs

A

federal bureaucracy

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2
Q

The firing of public-office holders of a defeated political party to replace them with loyalists of the newly elected party.

A

spoils system

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3
Q

Jobs, grants, or other special favors that are given as rewards to friends and political allies for their support.

A

patronage

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4
Q

A system of employment based on qualifications, test scores, and ability, rather than party loyalty.

A

merit system

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5
Q

Reform measure that established the principle of federal employment on the basis of open, competitive exams and created the Civil Service Commision

A

Pendleton Act

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6
Q

The merit system which many federal bureaucrats are selected

A

civil service system

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7
Q

An entity created by congress outside a major executive department

A

independent regulatory system

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8
Q

Major administrative units with responsibility for a broad area of government operations. Departmental status usually indicates a permanent national interest in a particular governmental function, such as defense, commerce, or agriculture

A

departments

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9
Q

Governmental units that closely resemble a Cabinet department but have narrower areas of responsibility, and perform services rather than regulatory functions

A

independent executive agencies

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10
Q

Businesses established by Congress to perform functions that could be provided by private businesses

A

government corporations

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11
Q

The 1939 act to prohibit civil servants from taking activists roles in partisan campaigns. This act prohibited federal employees from making political contributions, working for a particular party, or campaigning for a particular candidate.

A

Hatch Act

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12
Q

The 1993 liberalization of the Hatch Act. Federal employees are now allowed to run for office in nonpartisan elections and to contribute money to campaigns in partisan elections.

A

Federal Employees Political Activities Act of 1993

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13
Q

The process by which a law or policy is put into operation

A

implementation

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14
Q

The relatively stable relationships and patterns of interactions that occur among agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees or subcommittees.

A

iron triangles

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15
Q

The loose and informal relationships that exist among a large number of actors who work in broad policy areas

A

issue networks

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16
Q

Working groups created to facilitate coordination of policy making and implementation across a host of government agencies

A

interagency councils

17
Q

The ability of bureaucrats to make choices concerning the best way to implement congressional or executive intentions

A

administrative discretion

18
Q

A quasi-legislative process that results in regulations that have the characteristics of a legislative act

A

rule making

19
Q

Rules that govern the operation of all government programs that have the force of law

A

regulations

20
Q

A quasi-judicial process in which a bureaucratic agency settles disputes between two parties in a manner similar to the way courts resolve disputes

A

administrative adjudication