Chapter 19 Foreign and Defense Policy Flashcards
Area of policy-making that encompasses how one country builds relationships with other countries in order to safeguard its national interests
foreign policy
Area of policy-making that focuses on the strategies that a country uses to protect itself from its enemies
defense policy
A national policy of avoiding participation in foreign affairs
isolation
Legislation passed by congress in 1807 to prevent U.S. ships from leaving U.S. ports without the approval of the federal government
Embargo Act
President James Monroe’s 1823 pledge that the United States would oppose attempts by European states to extend their political control into the Western Hemisphere
Monroe Doctrine
Taxes on imported goods
tariffs
Theory the the United States was divinely mandated to expand across North America to the Pacific Ocean
manifest destiny
Concept developed by President Theodore Roosevelt early in the twentieth century declaring that it was the responsibility of the United States to assure the stability in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Roosevelt Corollary
The idea that an attack on one country is an attack on all the countries.
collective security
International financial system devised shortly before the end of World War II that created the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund.
Bretton Woods System
International governmental organization created shortly before the end of World War II to stabilize international currency transactions
International Monetary Fund
International governmental organization created shortly before the end of World War II to provide loans for large economic development projects
World Bank
Post-World War II economic development program designed to help facilitate international trade negotiations and promote free trade
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
U.S. policy initiated in 1947 to provide economic assistance and military aid to countries fighting against communist revolutions or political pressure
Truman Doctrine
European collective recovery program, named after Secretary of State George C. Marchall, that provided extensive American aid to Western Europe after World War II
Marshall Plan
The first peacetime military treaty joined by the United States; NATO is a collective security pact between the United States and Western Europe
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
The 1962 confrontation over the deployment of ballistic missiles in Cuba that nearly escalated into war between the United States and the Soviet Union
Cuban Missile Crisis
The improvement in relations between the United States and the Soviet Union that occurred during the 1970’s
detente
The protection of people’s basic freedoms and needs
human rights
The Reagan administration’s commitment to ending communism by providing military assistance to anti-communist groups.
Reagan Doctrine
Policy implemented during the Clinton administration in which the United States would actively promote the expansion of democracy and free markets throughout the world.
enlargement
An international action, initiated by President George W. Bush after the 9/11 attacks, to weed out terrorist operatives throughout the world
war on terrorism
Chief executive branch department responsible for formulation and implementation of U.S. foreign policy
Department of State
Chief executive branch department responsible for formulation and implementation of U.S. defense and military policy
Department of Defense
Military advisory body that includes the Army chief of staff, the chief of naval operations, and the Marine commandant
Joint Chiefs of Staff
Cabinet department created after the 9/11 terrorist attacks to coordinate domestic security efforts.
Department of Homeland Security
The alliance formed by the U.S. armed forces and defense industries
military-industrial complex
A trade policy wherein a country closes off its market to foreign goods
protectionism
A trade policy wherein governments identify key industries that they wish to see grow and enact policies to support this economic enlargement
strategic trade policy
A system of international trade with limited government interference
free trade system
Agreement that promotes free movement of goods and services among Canada, Mexico, and the United States
North American Free Trade Agreement
An international organization created in 1995 to supervise and open international trade
World Trade Organization
