Chapter 19 Foreign and Defense Policy

Question 1

Area of policy-making that encompasses how one country builds relationships with other countries in order to safeguard its national interests

Answer 1

foreign policy

Question 2

Area of policy-making that focuses on the strategies that a country uses to protect itself from its enemies

Answer 2

defense policy

Question 3

A national policy of avoiding participation in foreign affairs

Answer 3

isolation

Question 4

Legislation passed by congress in 1807 to prevent U.S. ships from leaving U.S. ports without the approval of the federal government

Answer 4

Embargo Act

Question 5

President James Monroe’s 1823 pledge that the United States would oppose attempts by European states to extend their political control into the Western Hemisphere

Answer 5

Monroe Doctrine

Question 6

Taxes on imported goods

Answer 6

tariffs

Question 7

Theory the the United States was divinely mandated to expand across North America to the Pacific Ocean

Answer 7

manifest destiny

Question 8

Concept developed by President Theodore Roosevelt early in the twentieth century declaring that it was the responsibility of the United States to assure the stability in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Answer 8

Roosevelt Corollary

Question 9

The idea that an attack on one country is an attack on all the countries.

Answer 9

collective security

Question 10

International financial system devised shortly before the end of World War II that created the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund.

Answer 10

Bretton Woods System

Question 11

International governmental organization created shortly before the end of World War II to stabilize international currency transactions

Answer 11

International Monetary Fund

Question 12

International governmental organization created shortly before the end of World War II to provide loans for large economic development projects

Answer 12

World Bank

Question 13

Post-World War II economic development program designed to help facilitate international trade negotiations and promote free trade

Answer 13

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

Question 14

U.S. policy initiated in 1947 to provide economic assistance and military aid to countries fighting against communist revolutions or political pressure

Answer 14

Truman Doctrine

Question 15

European collective recovery program, named after Secretary of State George C. Marchall, that provided extensive American aid to Western Europe after World War II

Answer 15

Marshall Plan

Question 16

The first peacetime military treaty joined by the United States; NATO is a collective security pact between the United States and Western Europe

Answer 16

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Question 17

The 1962 confrontation over the deployment of ballistic missiles in Cuba that nearly escalated into war between the United States and the Soviet Union

Answer 17

Cuban Missile Crisis

Question 18

The improvement in relations between the United States and the Soviet Union that occurred during the 1970’s

Answer 18

detente

Question 19

The protection of people’s basic freedoms and needs

Answer 19

human rights

Question 20

The Reagan administration’s commitment to ending communism by providing military assistance to anti-communist groups.

Answer 20

Reagan Doctrine

Question 21

Policy implemented during the Clinton administration in which the United States would actively promote the expansion of democracy and free markets throughout the world.

Answer 21

enlargement

Question 22

An international action, initiated by President George W. Bush after the 9/11 attacks, to weed out terrorist operatives throughout the world

Answer 22

war on terrorism

Question 23

Chief executive branch department responsible for formulation and implementation of U.S. foreign policy

Answer 23

Department of State

Question 24

Chief executive branch department responsible for formulation and implementation of U.S. defense and military policy

Answer 24

Department of Defense

Question 25

Military advisory body that includes the Army chief of staff, the chief of naval operations, and the Marine commandant

Answer 25

Joint Chiefs of Staff

Question 26

Cabinet department created after the 9/11 terrorist attacks to coordinate domestic security efforts.

Answer 26

Department of Homeland Security

Question 27

The alliance formed by the U.S. armed forces and defense industries

Answer 27

military-industrial complex

Question 28

A trade policy wherein a country closes off its market to foreign goods

Answer 28

protectionism

Question 29

A trade policy wherein governments identify key industries that they wish to see grow and enact policies to support this economic enlargement

Answer 29

strategic trade policy

Question 30

A system of international trade with limited government interference

Answer 30

free trade system

Question 31

Agreement that promotes free movement of goods and services among Canada, Mexico, and the United States

Answer 31

North American Free Trade Agreement

Question 32

An international organization created in 1995 to supervise and open international trade

Answer 32

World Trade Organization