Chapter 4 State and Local Government

Question 1

The principle that each legislative district within a state should have the same number of eligible voters so that representation is equitably based on population

Answer 1

one-person, one-vote

Question 2

The document that describes the basic policies, procedures, and institutions of the government of a specific state, much as the US Constitution does for the federal government

Answer 2

state constitution

Question 3

Advocated measures to destroy political machines and instead have voters participate directly in the nomination of candidates and the establishment of public policy.

Answer 3

progressive movement

Question 4

Chief elected executive in state government

Answer 4

governor

Question 5

The authority of a cheif executive to reject an entire bill that has been passed by the legislature.

Answer 5

package or general veto

Question 6

The authority of a cheif executive to delete part of a bill passed by the legislatyre that involves taxing or spending. Ruled unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court.

Answer 6

line-item veto

Question 7

An executive grant providing restoration of all rights and privileges of citizenship to a specific induvidual charged or convicted of a crime.

Answer 7

pardon

Question 8

The action of a governor to cancel all or part of the sentence of someone convicted of a crime, while keeping the conviction on the record.

Answer 8

commute

Question 9

The authority of a governor to release a prisoner before his or her full sentence has been completyed and to specify conditions that must be met as part of the release

Answer 9

parole

Question 10

To send someone against his or her will to another state to face criminal charges.

Answer 10

extradite

Question 11

Restictions that exist in some states about how long an induvidual may serve in state or elected offices.

Answer 11

term limits

Question 12

A method of selecting judges in which a governor must appoint someone from a list provided by an independent panel. Judges are then kept in office if theat get a majority of “yes” votes in general elections.

Answer 12

Missouri (Merit) Plan

Question 13

A court ruling that local governments do not have inherent sovereignty but instead must be authorized by state government.

Answer 13

Dillon’s rule

Question 14

A government with general responsibilites, such as city, town, or village, which is created in response to the emergence of relatively densely populated areas

Answer 14

municipality

Question 15

A document that, like a constitution, specifies the basic polocies, procedures, and institutions of a municipality.

Answer 15

charter

Question 16

Geographic district created within a state with a government that has general responsibilities for land, welfare, environment, and, where appropriate, rural service polocies.

Answer 16

county

Question 17

A local government that is responsible for a particular function, such as schools, water, sewage, or parks.

Answer 17

special district

Question 18

Form of local government in which all eligible voters are invited to attend a meeting and vote on policy and management issues.

Answer 18

town meeting

Question 19

Cheif elected executive of a city

Answer 19

mayor

Question 20

The legislature in a city government

Answer 20

city council

Question 21

A professional executive hired by a city council or county board to manage daily operations and to reccomend policy chnages

Answer 21

manager

Question 22

Government organization established to provide a particular service or run a particular facility that is independent of other cty or state agencies and is to be operated like a buisness. Examples include a port authority or a mass transit system.

Answer 22

public corporation (authority)

Question 23

Form of local government in which several officials are elected to top positions that have both legislative and executive responsibilities.

Answer 23

commission

Question 24

A contest in which political parties do not nominate candidates and ballots do not include any party identification of those running for office.

Answer 24

nonpartisan election

Question 25

Election in which candidates run for an office that represents only the voters of a specific district within the jurisdiction.

Answer 25

district-based election

Question 26

Election in whihc condidates for office must compete throughout the jurisdiction as a whole.

Answer 26

at-large election

Question 27

An election that allows citizens to propose legislation or state constitutional amendments by submitting them to the electorate for popula vote.

Answer 27

initiative

Question 28

An election whereby the state legislature submits proposed legislation or state constitutional amendments to the voters for approval.

Answer 28

referendum

Question 29

An election in which voters can remove an incumbent from office prior to the next scheduled election.

Answer 29

recall

Question 30

A type of sovereignty that places an American Indian tribe in the United States outside the authority of state governments but reliant on the federal government for the interpretation and application of treaty provisions.

Answer 30

domestic dependent nation

Question 31

The legal obligation of the federal government to protect the interests of American Indian tribes

Answer 31

trust relationships

Question 32

Land designated in a treaty that is under the authority of an American Indian nation and is exempt from most state laws and taxes.

Answer 32

reservation land

Question 33

Land owned by an American Indian nation and designated by the federal Bureau of Indian Affairs as exempt from most state laws and taxes

Answer 33

trust land

Question 34

A formal, legal agrement, as that between a state and a tribe

Answer 34

compact

Question 35

A budget in which the legislature balances expenditures with expected revenues with no deficit.

Answer 35

balanced budget

Question 36

The tax level increases with the wealth or ability of an induvidual or buisness to pay.

Answer 36

progressive tax

Question 37

The lax level increases as the wealth or ability of an induvidual or business to pay decreases.

Answer 37

regressive tax

Question 38

Money that comes from a certain tax or fee and then is restricted to a specific use, such as a gasoline tax that is used for road maintenance.

Answer 38

segregated funds