Chapter 3 Federalism

Question 1

System of government where the national and state governments share power and derive all authority from the people.

Answer 1

federal system

Question 2

Type of government where the national government derives its powers from the states; a league of independent states.

Answer 2

confederation

Question 3

System of government where the local and regional governments derive all authority from a strong national government.

Answer 3

unitary system

Question 4

The final part of the Bill of Rights that defines the basic principles of American federalism in stating that the powers not delegated to the national government are reserved to the states or the people.

Answer 4

Tenth Amendment

Question 5

Powers reserved to the states by the Tenth Amendment that lie at the foundation of a state’s right to legislate for the public health and welfare of its citizens.

Answer 5

reserved (or police) powers

Question 6

Powers shared by the national and state governments.

Answer 6

concurrent powers

Question 7

An act declaring an act illegal without judicial trial.

Answer 7

bill of attainder

Question 8

Law that makes an act punishable as a crime even if the action was legal at the time it was committed.

Answer 8

ex post facto law

Question 9

Part of Article IV of the Constitution guaranteeing that the citizens of each state are afforded the same rights as citizens of all other states.

Answer 9

privileges and immunities clause

Question 10

Section of Article IV of the Constitution that ensures judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in any other state.

Answer 10

full faith and credit clause

Question 11

Part of Article IV of the Constitution that required states to extradite, or return, criminals to states where they have been convicted or are to stand trial.

Answer 11

extradition clause

Question 12

Contracts between states that carry the force of law; generally now used as a tool to address multistate policy concepts.

Answer 12

interstate compacts

Question 13

The Supreme Court upheld the power of the national government and denied the right o a state to tax the federal bank using the Constitution’s supremacy clause. The Court’s broad interpretation of the necessary and proper clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers.

Answer 13

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

Question 14

The Supreme Court upheld broad congressional power to regulate interstate commerce. The Court’s broad interpretation of the Constitution’s commerce clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers.

Answer 14

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

Question 15

The Supreme Court ruled that the due process clause of the Fifth Amendment did not apply to the actions of the states. This decision limited the Bill of Rights to the actions of Congress alone.

Answer 15

Barron v. Baltimore (1833)

Question 16

The belief that having separate and equally powerful levels of government is the best arrangement.

Answer 16

dual federalism

Question 17

The Supreme Court concluded that the U.S. Congress lacked the constitutional authority to bar slavery in the territories. This decision narrowed the scope of national power, while it enhanced that of the states.

Answer 17

Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)

Question 18

The purported right of a state to declare void a federal law.

Answer 18

nullification

Question 19

Amendment to the U.S. Constitution that authorized Congress to enact a national income tax.

Answer 19

Sixteenth Amendment

Question 20

Amendment to the U.S. Constitution that made senators directly elected by the people, removing their selection from state legislatures.

Answer 20

Seventeenth Amendment

Question 21

The name given to the program of “Relief, Recovery, Reform” begun by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933 to bring the United States out of the Great Depression.

Answer 21

New Deal

Question 22

The intertwined relationship between the national, state, and local governments that began with the New Deal.

Answer 22

cooperative federalism

Question 23

Grant that allocated federal funds to states for a specific purpose.

Answer 23

categorical grants

Question 24

Federal–state relationship proposed by Reagan administration during the 1980s; hallmark is returning administrative powers to the state governments.

Answer 24

New Federalism

Question 25

A large grant given to a state by the federal government with only general spending guidelines.

Answer 25

block grant

Question 26

A concept that allows the national government to override state of local actions in certain areas.

Answer 26

preemption

Question 27

Movement that gives state officials significant leeway in acting on issues normally considered national in scope, such as the environmental and consumer protection.

Answer 27

progressive federalism