Chapter 3 Federalism Flashcards
Chapter 3 vocabulary
System of government where the national and state governments share power and derive all authority from the people.
federal system
Type of government where the national government derives its powers from the states; a league of independent states.
confederation
System of government where the local and regional governments derive all authority from a strong national government.
unitary system
The final part of the Bill of Rights that defines the basic principles of American federalism in stating that the powers not delegated to the national government are reserved to the states or the people.
Tenth Amendment
Powers reserved to the states by the Tenth Amendment that lie at the foundation of a state’s right to legislate for the public health and welfare of its citizens.
reserved (or police) powers
Powers shared by the national and state governments.
concurrent powers
An act declaring an act illegal without judicial trial.
bill of attainder
Law that makes an act punishable as a crime even if the action was legal at the time it was committed.
ex post facto law
Part of Article IV of the Constitution guaranteeing that the citizens of each state are afforded the same rights as citizens of all other states.
privileges and immunities clause
Section of Article IV of the Constitution that ensures judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in any other state.
full faith and credit clause
Part of Article IV of the Constitution that required states to extradite, or return, criminals to states where they have been convicted or are to stand trial.
extradition clause
Contracts between states that carry the force of law; generally now used as a tool to address multistate policy concepts.
interstate compacts
The Supreme Court upheld the power of the national government and denied the right o a state to tax the federal bank using the Constitution’s supremacy clause. The Court’s broad interpretation of the necessary and proper clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers.
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
The Supreme Court upheld broad congressional power to regulate interstate commerce. The Court’s broad interpretation of the Constitution’s commerce clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers.
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
The Supreme Court ruled that the due process clause of the Fifth Amendment did not apply to the actions of the states. This decision limited the Bill of Rights to the actions of Congress alone.
Barron v. Baltimore (1833)
The belief that having separate and equally powerful levels of government is the best arrangement.
dual federalism
The Supreme Court concluded that the U.S. Congress lacked the constitutional authority to bar slavery in the territories. This decision narrowed the scope of national power, while it enhanced that of the states.
Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)
The purported right of a state to declare void a federal law.
nullification
Amendment to the U.S. Constitution that authorized Congress to enact a national income tax.
Sixteenth Amendment
Amendment to the U.S. Constitution that made senators directly elected by the people, removing their selection from state legislatures.
Seventeenth Amendment
The name given to the program of “Relief, Recovery, Reform” begun by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933 to bring the United States out of the Great Depression.
New Deal
The intertwined relationship between the national, state, and local governments that began with the New Deal.
cooperative federalism
Grant that allocated federal funds to states for a specific purpose.
categorical grants
Federal–state relationship proposed by Reagan administration during the 1980s; hallmark is returning administrative powers to the state governments.
New Federalism
A large grant given to a state by the federal government with only general spending guidelines.
block grant
A concept that allows the national government to override state of local actions in certain areas.
preemption
Movement that gives state officials significant leeway in acting on issues normally considered national in scope, such as the environmental and consumer protection.
progressive federalism
