Chapter 9: The Emergence of Austria, Prussia, and Russia

Question 1

Leopold I

Answer 1

Led Austria through Ottoman invasion; drove them back and captured Hungary; also repulsed French in War of Spanish Succession

Question 2

Charles VI

Answer 2

Saw end of War of Spanish Succession; Pragmatic Sanction

Question 3

Pragmatic Sanction

Answer 3

Provided for daughter Maria Theresa to succeed Charles VI

Question 4

Maria Theresa

Answer 4

Kept right to rule in War of Austrian Succession, lost Silesia; organized and strengthened central government’s power and administration

Question 5

Joseph II

Answer 5

Enlightened despot; reduced power of the Catholic Church; improved trade and roads; abolished serfdom

Question 6

Leopold II

Answer 6

Reversed Joseph II’s reforms to satisfy nobility

Question 7

Hohenzollerns

Answer 7

Amassed leadership of German states, rivaling Hapsburgs

Question 8

Frederick William, the Great Elector

Answer 8

Took over after devastation of Thirty Years War; allied with Junkers (nobility) rather than opposing them by giving them positions in the civil service and army; kept serfdom; religious toleration, including of Jews

Question 9

Frederick I

Answer 9

Patron of the arts, not as interested in the army; gained title King of Prussia

Question 10

Frederick William I

Answer 10

Imposed strict economic policies to effectively increase efficiency; doubled size of army, made it prestigious, but avoided war

Question 11

Frederick the Great

Answer 11

Enlightened despot; modernized government with bureaus, codified law, no torture; encouraged industry with tariffs and credit; more land and crops for agriculture; religiously tolerant

Question 12

Peter the Great

Answer 12

Strong ruler, ruled Russia effectively and absolutely

Question 13

Peter the Great and Boyars

Answer 13

Insisted on modernizing nobles, based nobility on Table of Ranks, service in bureaucracy or military

Question 14

Peter the Great and Economy

Answer 14

Westernized in an attempt to build industry; established a male head tax

Question 15

Peter the Great and the Administration

Answer 15

Colleges ran government department; small senate ruled while he was absent

Question 16

Peter the Great and the Orthodox Church

Answer 16

Abolished patriarch, established Holy Synod; made it more secular

Question 17

Peter the Great’s Wars

Answer 17

Fought Sweden in the Great Northern War; victory resulted in gain of land on Baltic

Question 18

Catherine the Great

Answer 18

Admired Enlightenment; unsuccessful Legislative Commission; developed economy; reduced nobility’s obligations; fought successfully against Ottoman Empire, gained land