Chapter 5: The Catholic Reformation and the Wars of Religion Flashcards
Roman Inquisition
Severe campaign to convict heretics
Council of Trent
Primarily reaffirmed all Catholic doctrine and pope’s power; reformed corrupt practices in Church, such as sale of positoins
Jesuits
Founded by Ignatius Loyola; militant group combating Protestantism; used education and missions
Philip II
King of Spain at a very powerful point
Dutch Revolt
Dutch Calvinists fought against Spanish rule; Duke of Alva attempted to suppress it; Catholic southern provinces remained Spanish, but Calvinist northern provinces (Union of Utrecht) gained independence
Battle of Lepanto
Spanish victory over Turkish fleet; last great Spanish naval victory
Spanish Armada
Phillip attempted to restore England to Catholicism through a large invasion; England deflected it, beginning Spanish decline
Catholic-Huguenot conflict
Guise family led Catholic forces against the Bourbon’s Huguenot forces in lengthy conflict
St. Batholomew’s Day Massacre
Catherine de Medici ordered a massacre of Huguenots in Paris, which spread to the provinces
War of the Three Henrys
Henry of Navarre led Huguenots, Henry III formed moderate Catholic faction, Henry, Duke of Guise, led hard-line Catholics; latter two assassinated each other, and Henry of Navarre (a Bourbon) became king, making peace with other factions
Beginning of Thirty Years War
Bohemian Calvinists revolted against H.R.E., seizing Prague and electing Frederick V as leader
Bohemian Period
Hapsburgs took back Bohemia decisively
Danish Period
Hapsburgs under Wallenstein defeated Christian IV’s forces
Swedish Period
Gustavus Adolphus’s forces were somewhat more successful, but Hapsburgs were ultimately (though less soundly) successful
French Period
Cardinal Richelieu fought Hapsburgs in H.R.E. and Spain; ultimately achieved success with allies
