Chapter 7: The Struggle for Constiutional Government in England Flashcards
James I
Claimed rule by divine right; clashed with Parliament, couldn’t raise funds; did so by undesirable means
James I and religion
Anglican; opposed Calvinist offshoots; at first loosened restrictions on Catholics, then retightened them
Charles I
Like James I, but more inept
Petition of Right
Assertion of limits on Charles’s power; he signed, but did not intend to follow
Revolt in Scotland
Charles demanded Anglican worship in Scotland; Scots revolted
Short Parliament
Charles called parliament into session for money; they demanded change; he dissolved parliament
Long Parliament
Opposed Charles; asserted grievances and power; led to Civil War
English Civil War
Roundheads against king, allied with Scotland, vs. Cavaliers for king; Oliver Cromwell led Roundheads and New Model Army to defeat Cavaliers; moderate Roundheads then expelled from Parliament, forming Rump Parliament which abolished Monarchy, House of Lords, and Anglican Church, and executed Charles
Cromwell’s rule of Commonwealth/Protectorate
Strictly Puritan, not tolerant; crushed revolt in Ireland, had some success in foreign war; opposed lower class radicals, forming Barebones Parliament then essentially becoming an autocrat; Cromwell died, Protectorate fell apart, monarchy restored
Charles II
Restored Anglicanism; put down Scottish revolt, unsuccessful on foreign wars
James II
Tried to be an absolute ruler; granted religious freedom
Glorious Revolution
Parliament encouraged William of Orange to invade England, and was given throne; Bill of Rights established parliament’s rights
Succession
Passed from William to Anne, then to Sophia’s heirs (Hanoverian), the first of which was George I
Parliamentary government
Cabinet supported monarch in parliament, though responsible to parliament; Prime Minister led cabinet
