Chapter 2: The Italian Renaissance Flashcards

1
Q

Italian states

A

Cities wealthy from manufacturing and trade became centers of the Renaissance

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2
Q

Florence

A
  • Center of textiles and banking
  • Ruled by Medici family
  • Declined after Savonarola’s puritanical rule
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3
Q

Medici family

A

Ruled Florence

  • First Giovanni de Medici
  • Then Cosimo de Medici
  • Then Piero de Medici
  • Then, most famous, Lorenzo the Magnificent
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4
Q

Milan

A
  • Center of overland trade
  • Gained wealth from agriculture and production of silk and armor
  • Ruled by Visconti, briefly a republic, then ruled by Sforzas
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5
Q

Venice

A
  • Leader in sea trade; imported spices and luxury goods from East
  • Ruled by descendants of wealthy merchants (whose names were inscribed in the Golden Book); Great Council elected doge, subject to control of Council of Ten
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6
Q

Renaissance Popes

A

Greatly involved in secular matters, often at expense of spiritual regard

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7
Q

Kingdom of the Two Sicilies

A

Combination of Naples and Sicily; though large, not powerful enough to threaten other states

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8
Q

Dante Alighieri

A

Wrote epic poem Divine Comedy

-Vergil guides Dante through Inferno and Purgatory, Beatrice guides Dante through Paradise

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9
Q

Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch)

A
  • Wrote love sonnets to Laura

- Humanist; collected Latin manuscripts

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10
Q

Giovanni Boccaccio

A

-Wrote Decameron, stories told by young people fleeing the Black Death

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11
Q

Niccolò Machiavelli

A

Wrote The Prince, advocating secular rule concerned with retaining authority at whatever cost

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12
Q

Baldassarre Castiglione

A
  • Advocated humanist education

- Wrote The Book of the Courtier, outlining gentlemanly behavior

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13
Q

Benvenuto Cellini

A
  • Goldsmith and silversmith

- In his Autobiography he frankly described exploits

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14
Q

Lorenzo Valla

A

Scholar who linguistically and historically disproved authenticity of the Donation of Constantine

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15
Q

Giotto

A
  • Originally painted in Byzantine style; began painting subjects more realistically in landscapes with depth and lighting
  • Painted frescoes of St. Francis of Assisi
  • Official architect of Florence; designed bell tower
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16
Q

Masaccio

A
  • Improved perspective

- Made fresco The Holy Trinity

17
Q

Sandro Botticelli

A
  • Known for classical subjects and vivid colors

- Painted The Birth of Venus, Primavera, The Adoration of the Magi

18
Q

Leonardo da Vinci

A

Scientist, painter, et cetera

19
Q

Raphael

A
  • Painted Madonnas

- Painted rooms in the Vatican Palace; included School of Athens and The Triumph of Religion

20
Q

Michelangelo

A
  • Painted ceiling of Sistine Chapel

- Sculpted David and Moses, and several pietàs

21
Q

Lorenzo Ghiberti

A

Sculpted bronze doors of baptistery in Florence depicting Old Testament scenes

22
Q

Donatello

A
  • Studied classical sculpture
  • Sculpted bronze David
  • Sculpted equestrian statue
23
Q

Brunelleschi

A
  • Designed buildings in Florence, including Pitti Palace

- Designed octagonal dome of Florence cathedral

24
Q

Bramante

A

Worked as architect for rebuilding St. Peter’s basilica

25
Q

Gentile and Giovanni Bellini

A
  • Well known painters

- Painted The Agony in the Garden and St. Francis in Ecstasy

26
Q

Giorgione

A
  • Pupil of Giovanni Bellini

- Painted The Tempest

27
Q

Tintoretto

A
  • Name means “little dyer”

- Painted The Miracle of St. Mark and Christ Before Pilate

28
Q

Titian

A
  • Prolific Venetian painter of many religious works

- Painted altarpiece The Assumption of the Virgin and many portraits

29
Q

Palladio

A
  • Inspired by Roman architecture

- Designed churches and palaces in Venice as well as villas in the countryside