Chapter 4: The Protestant Reformation

Question 1

Lutheranism

Answer 1

Based on justification by faith alone; two sacraments; church is people, not an organization; abolished monasteries, celibacy of clergy

Question 2

Ninety-five theses

Answer 2

Challenge of doctrine of indulgences; led to excommunication

Question 3

Diet of Worms

Answer 3

Charles V ordered Luther to recant beliefs, Luther did not

Question 4

Spread of Lutheranism

Answer 4

Protected by Frederick the Wise, Luther spread his beliefs, which gained great support; later spread throughout Germany and into Scandinavia

Question 5

Luther and peasants’ revolt

Answer 5

Peasants revolted against heavy taxes, expected support; Luther did not, and opposed them

Question 6

Diet of Augsburg

Answer 6

Luther presented his beliefs to Charles V, who rejected them again

Question 7

Peace of Augsburg

Answer 7

Lutheran Schmalkaldic League fought with Catholic Hapsburgs, creating civil war; in 1555, they agreed that princes would determine their territories’ religion for themselves (just the two options)

Question 8

Ulrich Zwingli

Answer 8

Reformed church in Zurich; believed in supremacy of Bible; went beyond Luther to believe there were no true sacraments; simplicity of worship

Question 9

John Calvin

Answer 9

Reformed church in Geneva

Question 10

Calvinism

Answer 10

Emphasized predestination, simplicity, renunciation of worldly pleasures

Question 11

Geneva Theocracy

Answer 11

Religious leaders led government; strict punishments for violators of moral code

Question 12

Spread of Calvinsim

Answer 12

Spread throughout Switzerland, then to France (Huguenots), Scotland (Presbyterians), England (Puritans)

Question 13

Anglicanism

Answer 13

Henry VIII broke with Catholic Church to get divorce

Question 14

Act of Supremacy

Answer 14

Declared king to be head of English church; Six Articles defined doctrine, in line with Catholicism

Question 15

Dissolution of Monasteries

Answer 15

To eliminate opposition and get money from selling land

Question 16

Opposition to Anglicanism

Answer 16

Thomas More and John Fisher were executed for opposing; Pilgrimage of Grace revolt put down

Question 17

Edward VI

Answer 17

Made England more protestant with 42 Articles and Book of Common Prayer

Question 18

Mary

Answer 18

Attempted to restore Catholicism, persecuting Protestants

Question 19

Elizabeth I

Answer 19

Used ambiguity to make everyone happy (politique)

Question 20

Anabaptism

Answer 20

Radical; opposed infant baptism and bearing arms; separation of church and state